Question 1

Which is not a function of the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

A)   Regulation of blood pressure
B)   Removal of wastes from the blood
C)   Regulation of erythrocyte production
D)   Regulation of lymphocyte production
E)   Regulation of acid-base balanceF) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 2

Mesangial cells help keep the basement membrane clean by

Accepted Answer

A)   secreting emulsifying agents that dissolve trapped particles.
B)   engulfing macromolecules caught in its basement membrane.
C)   opening larger pores in the membrane so that trapped particles move across.
D)   secreting antibodies that attack the molecules caught in the endothelium.E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 3

Urine flow from the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder is produced by

Accepted Answer

A)   ciliary action in the renal pelvis.
B)   suction from the urinary bladder.
C)   peristalsis of the ureters.
D)   hydrostatic pressure from the small intestine.
E)   contraction of the detrusor muscle.F) A) and B)
G) B) and C)

Question 4

What is the value of transitional epithelium in the urinary system?

Accepted Answer

A)   Its cilia help propel the urine.
B)   It can contract to produce peristalsis.
C)   It allows distension.
D)   It protects against trauma.
E)   It provides cushioning.F) B) and E)
G) None of the above

Question 5

Put the portions of the male urethra in the correct order, from the urinary bladder to the exterior.
A: Spongy part
B: Urethral orifice
C: Prostatic part
D: Membranous part

Accepted Answer

A)   b, c, a, d
B)   c, a, d, b
C)   b, c, d, a
D)   c, d, a, b
E)   b, a, c, dF) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 6

Cortical nephrons have their corpuscles near the ________ edge of the cortex and are the ________ common type of nephron.

Accepted Answer

A)   deeper; more
B)   deeper; less
C)   peripheral; more
D)   peripheral; lessE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 7

The largest possible amount of a substance that can be reabsorbed or secreted across a kidney tubule wall in a given duration of time is known as the

Accepted Answer

A)   glomerular filtration rate.
B)   renal threshold.
C)   transport maximum.
D)   net filtration pressure.
E)   renal clearance exponent.F) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 8

If someone is bleeding severely, the body's adaptive response is to

Accepted Answer

A)   increase sympathetic stimulation of the kidney and therefore increase GFR.
B)   increase sympathetic stimulation of the kidney and therefore decrease GFR.
C)   decrease sympathetic stimulation of the kidney and therefore decrease GFR.
D)   decrease sympathetic stimulation of the kidney and therefore increase GFR.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 9

How are nephrons, collecting ducts, and collecting tubules related to each other?

Accepted Answer

A)   One collecting duct drains into one nephron, and one nephron drains into one collecting tubule.
B)   One nephron drains into one collecting tubule, and several collecting tubules empty into a collecting duct.
C)   One nephron drains into one collecting duct, and several collecting ducts empty into a collecting tubule.
D)   One collecting tubule drains into one nephron, and several nephrons drain into one collecting duct.
E)   One nephron drains into several collecting tubules, and all tubules eventually lead to one collecting duct.F) C) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 10

The first structure in the kidney to collect newly formed urine is the

Accepted Answer

A)   renal capsule.
B)   minor calyx.
C)   renal pelvis.
D)   renal sinus.
E)   renal cortex.F) C) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 11

Where are the renal pyramids located within the kidney?

Accepted Answer

A)   Renal cortex
B)   Renal sinus
C)   Renal pelvis
D)   Renal medulla
E)   Renal papillaF) B) and D)
G) A) and D)

Question 12

Which accurately describes the handling of urea by the kidney?

Accepted Answer

A)   All of the urea that reaches the kidney is excreted in the urine.
B)   About half of the urea that is filtered is excreted in the urine.
C)   None of the urea that reaches the kidney is excreted in the urine.D) A) and C)
E) A) and B)

Question 13

Glomerular hydrostatic pressure is the pressure of

Accepted Answer

A)   blood in the nephron capsule.
B)   tubular fluid in the glomerular capsule.
C)   blood in the glomerular capillaries.
D)   filtrate in the glomerular capillaries.
E)   solutes in the tubular fluid.F) All of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 14

The pattern of venous drainage in the kidney differs from the arterial supply in that there are no arcuate or segmental veins.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

How are the processes of reabsorption and secretion related?

Accepted Answer

A)   They both involve movement of material from the blood into the tubular fluid.
B)   Materials move in opposite directions: reabsorption moves materials into the blood, whereas secretion removes them from the blood.
C)   Materials move in opposite directions: secretion moves materials into the blood, whereas reabsorption removes them from the blood.
D)   They both involve movement of material from the tubular fluid into the blood.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 16

The average adult kidney weighs about 100 grams and measures about

Accepted Answer

A)   12 cm long, 6.5 cm wide, and 2.5 cm thick.
B)   8 cm long, 4 cm wide, and 1.5 cm thick.
C)   15 cm long, 10.5 cm wide, and 4.5 cm thick.
D)   8 cm long, 10.5 cm wide, and 2.5 cm thick.
E)   12 cm long, 2.5 cm wide, and 8 cm thick.F) C) and E)
G) D) and E)

Question 17

Large proteins and red blood cells normally pass freely through the filtration membrane.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Increases in capsular hydrostatic pressure result in increases in net filtration pressure.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

If the filtration membrane were made more porous, how would you expect the glomerular filtration rate to change?

Accepted Answer

A)   Increase
B)   Decrease
C)   No changeD) A) and B)
E) A) and C)

Question 20

Blood colloid osmotic pressure opposes glomerular hydrostatic pressure.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 24: Urinary System

How are the processes of reabsorption and secretion related?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If someone is bleeding severely, the body's adaptive response is to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Glomerular hydrostatic pressure is the pressure of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The largest possible amount of a substance that can be reabsorbed or secreted across a kidney tubule wall in a given duration of time is known as the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If the filtration membrane were made more porous, how would you expect the glomerular filtration rate to change?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Large proteins and red blood cells normally pass freely through the filtration membrane.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cortical nephrons have their corpuscles near the ________ edge of the cortex and are the ________ common type of nephron.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which is not a function of the kidneys?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the value of transitional epithelium in the urinary system?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which accurately describes the handling of urea by the kidney?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The pattern of venous drainage in the kidney differs from the arterial supply in that there are no arcuate or segmental veins.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Put the portions of the male urethra in the correct order, from the urinary bladder to the exterior. A: Spongy part B: Urethral orifice C: Prostatic part D: Membranous part

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How are nephrons, collecting ducts, and collecting tubules related to each other?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The average adult kidney weighs about 100 grams and measures about

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The first structure in the kidney to collect newly formed urine is the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Increases in capsular hydrostatic pressure result in increases in net filtration pressure.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mesangial cells help keep the basement membrane clean by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Blood colloid osmotic pressure opposes glomerular hydrostatic pressure.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Where are the renal pyramids located within the kidney?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Urine flow from the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder is produced by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Cortical nephrons have their corpuscles near the edge of the cortex and are the common type of nephron.

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