Question 1

Immediately before blood enters arterioles of the kidney, it travels through small arteries that project peripherally into the renal cortex. These arteries are the

Accepted Answer

A)   arcuate arteries.
B)   interlobular arteries.
C)   segmental arteries.
D)   lobar arteries.
E)   peritubular arteries.F) A) and B)
G) D) and E)

Question 2

Sympathetic stimulation of the kidney results in

Accepted Answer

A)   constriction of afferent arterioles and an increase in the surface area of the glomerulus.
B)   constriction of afferent arterioles and a decrease in the surface area of the glomerulus.
C)   dilation of afferent arterioles and an increase in the surface area of the glomerulus.
D)   dilation of afferent arterioles and a decrease in the surface area of the glomerulus.E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 3

Tubuloglomerular feedback and myogenic response are both components of renal autoregulation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Micturition

Accepted Answer

A)   is another name for urination.
B)   is a reflex triggered by stretch receptors in the urinary bladder.
C)   requires the opening of two sphincters.
D)   requires contraction of the muscularis layer of the urinary bladder.
E)   All of the choices are correct.F) A) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 5

The hormone ANP is released from the heart and causes the urinary system to

Accepted Answer

A)   increase urine volume and blood volume.
B)   increase urine volume and decrease blood volume.
C)   decrease urine volume and blood volume.
D)   decrease urine volume and increase blood volume.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 6

The normal pH for urine

Accepted Answer

A)   is anything below 7.0.
B)   is anything above 7.0
C)   ranges between 4.5 and 8.0.
D)   ranges between 3.0 and 6.0.
E)   ranges between 8.0 and 9.0 for someone with a diet high in protein.F) C) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 7

The capsular hydrostatic pressure is generally ________ than the glomerular hydrostatic pressure; increases in capsular hydrostatic pressure ________ the formation of additional filtrate.

Accepted Answer

A)   larger; facilitate
B)   larger; impede
C)   smaller; facilitate
D)   smaller; impedeE) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 8

Substances that are both filtered and reabsorbed have a renal plasma clearance that is ________ the GFR.

Accepted Answer

A)   higher than
B)   lower than
C)   the same asD) B) and C)
E) All of the above

Question 9

Pain from the kidneys is usually referred by way of the

Accepted Answer

A)   autonomic pathways to the inferior pelvic organs.
B)   sympathetic pathways to the T11-L2 dermatomes.
C)   somatic pathways to the left shoulder.
D)   parasympathetic pathways to the T1-T2 dermatomes.E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 10

Urination is triggered by a complex sequence of events called the ________ reflex.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Urination is triggered by a complex sequence...

Question 11

Peritubular capillaries tend to exhibit

Accepted Answer

A)   high hydrostatic pressure and high colloid pressure.
B)   high hydrostatic pressure and low colloid pressure.
C)   low hydrostatic pressure and low colloid pressure.
D)   low hydrostatic pressure and high colloid pressure.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 12

The tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism responds to an increase in

Accepted Answer

A)   systemic blood pressure by signaling for a decrease in heart rate through blood-borne hormones.
B)   urine production by signaling for a decrease in urine production through the hormone ADH.
C)   NaCl concentration in tubular fluid by signaling for afferent arteriole constriction with local chemical messengers.
D)   glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure by signaling for afferent arterioles to constrict and increase filtration rate.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 13

Glucose and protein are common solutes within urine.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The ball of capillaries in the renal corpuscle is called the ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ball of capillaries in the renal...

Question 15

Passive movement of water and solutes from the plasma to the capsular space of kidney corpuscles is a process known as ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Passive movement of water and solutes from...

Question 16

If there is an increase in systemic blood pressure, the resulting stretch of afferent arterioles results in reflexive

Accepted Answer

A)   vasoconstriction of efferent arterioles to raise GFR.
B)   vasoconstriction of afferent arterioles to keep GFR normal.
C)   vasodilation of efferent arterioles to lower GFR.
D)   vasodilation of afferent arterioles to keep GFR normal.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 17

Gross & microscopic anatomy of the urinary tract, including detailed histology of the nephron. 
-This figure shows a renal corpuscle. What structure does number 1 indicate?

Accepted Answer

A)   Distal convoluted tubule
B)   Glomerulus
C)   Afferent arteriole
D)   Proximal convoluted tubule
E)   Efferent arterioleF) C) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 18

Renal plasma clearance

Accepted Answer

A)   is lower than GFR for substances that are both filtered and secreted.
B)   is the same as GFR for substances that are both filtered and secreted.
C)   is the amount of water loss from the plasma to the urine over the course of one hour.
D)   is the volume of plasma that can be entirely cleared of a substance in one minute.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 19

Which class of nephron is crucially important in establishing a salt concentration gradient in the kidney so that urine concentration can be regulated?

Accepted Answer

A)   Intercalated nephrons
B)   Juxtamedullary nephrons
C)   Adrenal nephrons
D)   Cortical nephronsE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 20

Gross & microscopic anatomy of the urinary tract, including detailed histology of the nephron. 
-This figure shows a renal corpuscle. What structure does number 6 indicate?

Accepted Answer

A)   Efferent arteriole
B)   Distal convoluted tubule
C)   Proximal convoluted tubule
D)   Afferent arteriole
E)   Nephron loopF) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

Exam 24: Urinary System

The tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism responds to an increase in

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Micturition

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If there is an increase in systemic blood pressure, the resulting stretch of afferent arterioles results in reflexive

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Renal plasma clearance

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Glucose and protein are common solutes within urine.

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The ball of capillaries in the renal corpuscle is called the ________.

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Peritubular capillaries tend to exhibit

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Sympathetic stimulation of the kidney results in

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The capsular hydrostatic pressure is generally ________ than the glomerular hydrostatic pressure; increases in capsular hydrostatic pressure ________ the formation of additional filtrate.

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Tubuloglomerular feedback and myogenic response are both components of renal autoregulation.

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Substances that are both filtered and reabsorbed have a renal plasma clearance that is ________ the GFR.

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Pain from the kidneys is usually referred by way of the

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Passive movement of water and solutes from the plasma to the capsular space of kidney corpuscles is a process known as ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Gross & microscopic anatomy of the urinary tract, including detailed histology of the nephron. -This figure shows a renal corpuscle. What structure does number 1 indicate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The hormone ANP is released from the heart and causes the urinary system to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Urination is triggered by a complex sequence of events called the ________ reflex.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which class of nephron is crucially important in establishing a salt concentration gradient in the kidney so that urine concentration can be regulated?

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The normal pH for urine

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Gross & microscopic anatomy of the urinary tract, including detailed histology of the nephron. -This figure shows a renal corpuscle. What structure does number 6 indicate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Immediately before blood enters arterioles of the kidney, it travels through small arteries that project peripherally into the renal cortex. These arteries are the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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The capsular hydrostatic pressure is generally than the glomerular hydrostatic pressure; increases in capsular hydrostatic pressure the formation of additional filtrate.

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