Question 1

Exudate formation delivers substances to eliminate injurious agents, and the resulting increase in interstitial hydrostatic pressure leads to increased fluid uptake by lymphatic capillaries.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Which cell type is targeted by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ?

Accepted Answer

A)   Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte
B)   Memory B-lymphocyte
C)   Helper T-lymphocyte
D)   Natural killer cell
E)   Plasma cellF) All of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 3

A membrane attack complex is a protein grouping that

Accepted Answer

A)   triggers phagocytosis of a target cell by a nearby macrophage or neutrophil.
B)   forms a channel in the target cell membrane that causes cytolysis.
C)   links a pathogen to a red blood cell so that it is carried to the liver or spleen.
D)   stimulates basophils to attack a multicellular parasite in the body.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 4

In addition to creating a physical barrier to pathogen entry, mucus contains antimicrobial substances such as IgA.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Opsonization involves

Accepted Answer

A)   cross-linking several antigens together so that they are no longer soluble, and it is facilitated by the Fc region of the antibody.
B)   marking a target for phagocytosis, and it is facilitated by interaction of the Fc region of the antibody with a phagocyte.
C)   activation of NK cells, and it is a function of the antigen-binding site of the antibody.
D)   fixation of antibodies in the IgG and IgM classes, and it involves the antigen-binding site of the antibody.E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 6

Complement facilitates inflammation by activating basophils and mast cells and by attracting macrophages and neutrophils.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

An individual gets a snake bite and goes to the hospital to receive antibodies against the venom. This individual is acquiring

Accepted Answer

A)   passive immunity.
B)   active immunity.C) A) and B)
D) undefined

Question 8

Vaccines are effective because they

Accepted Answer

A)   immediately stimulate cellular immunity to eliminate all of the pathogen in the body.
B)   inhibit antibodies from having secondary responses.
C)   stimulate the development of immunologic memory.
D)   increase the number of natural killer cells while decreasing the numbers of T and B cells.E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 9

Which type of antibody is formed in response to parasitic infections and allergies, and has the effect of activating mast cells and basophils?

Accepted Answer

A)   IgA
B)   IgB
C)   IgD
D)   IgE
E)   IgGF) None of the above
G) A) and D)

Question 10

The site of infection is the location at which lymphocytes

Accepted Answer

A)   are formed.
B)   provide an effector response.
C)   are activated.
D)   become able to recognize one specific foreign antigen.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 11

When they leave the red marrow, pre-T-lymphocytes have

Accepted Answer

A)   only the CD4 protein.
B)   only the CD8 protein.
C)   both the CD4 and CD8 proteins.
D)   neither the CD4 nor CD8 protein.
E)   either the CD4 or CD8 protein.F) B) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 12

Negative selection is the process by which cells learn self-tolerance.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Over their life span, plasma cells produce hundreds of millions of antibodies against one specific antigen.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The first signal during helper T-lymphocyte activation involves

Accepted Answer

A)   BCR of the helper T-cell binding with free antigen and engulfing it.
B)   CD8 of the helper T-cell binding with MHC class III of the antigen-presenting cell.
C)   CD4 of the helper T-cell binding with MHC class I part of the antigen fragment.
D)   CD4 of the helper T-cell binding with MHC class II of the antigen-presenting cell.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 15

What are the five main classes of immunoglobulins found in humans?

Accepted Answer

A)   IgA, IgC, IgE, IgG, IgI
B)   IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM, IgS
C)   IgB, IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM
D)   IgA, IgB, IgC, IgD, IgE
E)   IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, IgMF) A) and C)
G) A) and E) E

Question 16

Most activated B-lymphocytes differentiate into

Accepted Answer

A)   memory helper T-lymphocytes.
B)   macrophages.
C)   plasma cells.
D)   antigen-presenting cells.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C) C

Question 17

Describe the structure of an antibody. What type of molecule is it? What is its shape, how many parts does it have, and how do the parts differ?

Accepted Answer

Antibodies are Y-shaped protei...

Question 18

The second signal during cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activation involves stimulation of the cell by interleukin 2 released by helper T-lymphocytes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Elevated antibody production during a primary response generally lasts for months or years, whereas antibody production in secondary responses decreases to baseline level generally within a couple of weeks.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Select all that occur as a result of inflammation.
A) Destruction of pathogens
B) Remove cellular debris
C) Allow for tissue repair
D) Limiting the spread of an infectious agent

Accepted Answer

A, B, C, D

Exam 22: Immune System and the Bodys Defense

Exudate formation delivers substances to eliminate injurious agents, and the resulting increase in interstitial hydrostatic pressure leads to increased fluid uptake by lymphatic capillaries.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which cell type is targeted by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A membrane attack complex is a protein grouping that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In addition to creating a physical barrier to pathogen entry, mucus contains antimicrobial substances such as IgA.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Opsonization involves

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Complement facilitates inflammation by activating basophils and mast cells and by attracting macrophages and neutrophils.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An individual gets a snake bite and goes to the hospital to receive antibodies against the venom. This individual is acquiring

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Vaccines are effective because they

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which type of antibody is formed in response to parasitic infections and allergies, and has the effect of activating mast cells and basophils?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The site of infection is the location at which lymphocytes

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When they leave the red marrow, pre-T-lymphocytes have

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Negative selection is the process by which cells learn self-tolerance.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Over their life span, plasma cells produce hundreds of millions of antibodies against one specific antigen.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The first signal during helper T-lymphocyte activation involves

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What are the five main classes of immunoglobulins found in humans?

Correct AnswerverifiedE

Most activated B-lymphocytes differentiate into

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Describe the structure of an antibody. What type of molecule is it? What is its shape, how many parts does it have, and how do the parts differ?

Correct AnswerverifiedAntibodies are Y-shaped protei...View AnswerShow Answer

The second signal during cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activation involves stimulation of the cell by interleukin 2 released by helper T-lymphocytes.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Elevated antibody production during a primary response generally lasts for months or years, whereas antibody production in secondary responses decreases to baseline level generally within a couple of weeks.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Select all that occur as a result of inflammation. A) Destruction of pathogens B) Remove cellular debris C) Allow for tissue repair D) Limiting the spread of an infectious agent

Correct AnswerverifiedA, B, C, D

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E

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C

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Antibodies are Y-shaped protei...
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A, B, C, D