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Melanocyte cytoplasmic processes transfer pigment granules into stratum basal keratinocytes; these pigment granules shield the nuclear DNA from UV radiation.

A) True
B) False

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Nails are hard derivatives formed from the stratum ________ of the epidermis.


A) granulosum
B) basale
C) lucidum
D) corneum
E) spinosum

F) A) and E)
G) D) and E)

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The process of keratinization begins in the stratum granulosum.

A) True
B) False

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  -Which number indicates the reticular layer of the dermis? A)  1 B)  2 C)  3 D)  4 E)  5 -Which number indicates the reticular layer of the dermis?


A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5

F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

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Sudoriferous glands and ________ glands are examples of exocrine glands in the skin.

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Sweat and sebaceous glands develop from the


A) stratum corneum.
B) stratum basale of the epidermis.
C) hypodermis.
D) reticular layer.
E) papillary layer of the dermis.

F) A) and D)
G) None of the above

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Keratinocytes are


A) the most abundant cell type in the epidermis.
B) found throughout all epidermal strata.
C) sometimes alive and sometimes dead, depending on where they are found.
D) able to synthesize the protein keratin.
E) All of the choices are correct.

F) B) and D)
G) B) and E)

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________ is a fine, unpigmented, downy hair that first appears on the fetus in the last trimester of development.

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Within the body, carotene is converted to


A) vitamin A, which is important for auditory function.
B) vitamin E, which is important for auditory function
C) vitamin E, which is important for visual function.
D) vitamin A, which is important for visual function.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Among the components of the dermis are A: sweat glands B: hair follicles C: collagen fibers D: sensory nerve endings E: arrector pili muscles


A) a, b, d
B) a, c, d
C) a, b, d, e
D) a, b, c, e
E) a, b, c, d, e

F) All of the above
G) A) and D)

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Sensory receptors in the dermis detect touch, temperature, and light.

A) True
B) False

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The secretion of ________ sweat glands is viscous, cloudy, and rich in proteins and lipids.

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Why might someone pale when they are exposed to a cold temperature?


A) Vasodilation has occurred
B) Vasoconstriction has occurred
C) Purely psychological
D) Dehydration of the stratum corneum
E) Constriction of the dermal collagen and elastic fibers

F) B) and D)
G) A) and C)

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Another name for the cuticle is the


A) eponychium.
B) hyponychium.
C) nail bed.
D) nail matrix.
E) nail root.

F) C) and E)
G) B) and E)

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In response to severe injuries or burns, the body may repair itself by producing scar tissue to fill the damaged area. This process is called ________.

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Immune cells of the epidermis tend to be found in the stratum


A) granulosum.
B) lucidum.
C) spinosum.
D) basale.
E) corneum.

F) None of the above
G) C) and D)

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Lines of cleavage are a result of


A) the alignment of dermal papillae.
B) the orientation of collagen fibers in the dermis.
C) the alignment of epidermal ridges.
D) wounds to the epidermis such as hemangiomas.

E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

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Blood capillaries that supply nourishment for the epidermis are located in the


A) dermal papillae.
B) epidermal ridges.
C) reticular connective tissue.
D) epidermis proper.
E) subcutaneous layer.

F) B) and C)
G) C) and D)

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Fingernails are helpful in protecting the distal tips of fingers and in grasping small objects.

A) True
B) False

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Which of these are functions of hair? A: Sensory reception B: Heat retention C: Immune function D: Protection E: Formation of Vitamin D3


A) a, b, d
B) a, d, e
C) a, b, d, e
D) a, b, c, d, e

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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