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Exam 55: Ecology of Individuals and Populations

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Question 1

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During the late 1800s, cattle egrets arrived in South America from Africa and began to colonize.Their range has expanded dramatically over the years.Why were they able to do this?

A) The habitats that they left in Africa were not suitable for any further colonization; thus, they were forced to emigrate.
B) The habitats that they encountered in South America were suitable to them and unoccupied.
C) There were abundant cattle for the birds to gather around in South America; furthermore, various animals that the egrets had lived around in Africa had become quite scarce because of over hunting and poaching, causing the birds to extend their range.
D) The food resources in South America were far superior to those in Africa, allowing the egrets more opportunity to grow and reproduce and ultimately expand their range. Clarify question:

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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B

Question 2

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What is the most reasonable conclusion that can be made from data graphed in the figure?

A) After high mortality early in life, survivorship becomes constant for the rest of life.
B) Survivorship is constant throughout life.
C) After low mortality early in life, mortality increases to a constant rate for the rest of life.
D) After following a constant rate early in life, mortality becomes low late in life.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

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Question 3

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A farmer's land includes a wilderness area that is home to an endangered species of bird.He wants to sell the land to a developer, and you have been hired to evaluate the environmental concerns."This little patch of land is not crucial for the bird species!" the farmer says, "In fact, my land is surrounded by several other wilderness patches that also have that bird." You reply: "It is possible that your land acts as the ____________ and the other areas are ___________ .If that's the case, development would be devastating to the population."

What would be the best approach to curbing excessive human population growth?

Which species would be most likely to have a Type III life history?

You work for a successful company that sells maternity clothes.They have asked you to evaluate whether Australia or Singapore would be a better country to expand into with new stores.What keyword will help you find the data you need to make this evaluation?

Allen's rule states that mammals from colder climates have shorter ears and appendages than individuals of the same species from warmer areas.The related Bergman's rule states that mammal body size varies with latitude, with larger body size in populations located closer to the poles and smaller body size in populations located closer to the equator.What can explain both of these rules?

You are earning your Ph.D.in marine biology, studying the microbial ocean community.This year, you are shocked to discover that one of your study sites has become contaminated due to an industrial waste water pipe.This dumping is drastically raising the temperature and lowering the salinity of the water.What do you expect to find in your survey of the ecosystem, and what might you find in a survey years from now?

Which factor increases the likelihood of population extinction?

What age group on a population pyramid would you examine to predict the population in 25 years?

What kind of population spacing would you expect for a species that is strongly territorial?

What is the life history adaptation called where organisms produce offspring several times over many seasons?

What often describes organisms with a Type III life history?

The biotic potential representing growth without limits at its maximal rate is indicated by what symbol?

You and your friend are on vacation at Yellowstone Park.The plaque in front of a sulfur hot spring reads: "This sulfur spring is 80 $\degree$ C, has a pH of 2, and contains large amounts of sulfur which is oxidized by Sulfolobus species of archaea." Your friend is excited."Boy, if those microbes are that tough they should be easy to grow in the lab.I think I'll work with those for my summer project." What do you think?

Select the description of a population pyramid for a population that has the largest potential for exponential growth.

What do we call populations of organisms that are usually near the carrying capacity?

In the logistic growth model, as the number of individuals in the population (N) approaches the carrying capacity (K) , what happens to the intrinsic rate of growth (r_i) ?

Populations have three basic types of dispersion patterns-clumped, random, and uniform.What situation supports random distributions?

Which factor allows bacteria species to adapt to environmental changes faster than fish?