Question 1

What are on the surface of most vertebrate cells, acting as markers of "self"?

Accepted Answer

A)  major histocompatibility complex proteins
B)  T-cell receptors
C)  antigens
D)  immunoglobulinsE) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 2

What are the helper and inducer cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  B cells
B)  macrophages
C)  plasma cells
D)  T cellsE) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 3

Which of the following is true regarding cytokines?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cytokines are secreted by TH cells and bind to receptors.
B)  Cytokines are immune cells involved in producing antibodies.
C)  Cytokines are secreted by pathogens during infection.
D)  Cytokines bind to intracellular receptors.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 4

You are designing a fast assay system for detecting flu virus in patients.You hope to send these tests to clinics in far-flung regions of the globe so they can conduct surveillance on influenza epidemics.The kits will need to remain functional for several years.What type of antibody will you choose?

Accepted Answer

A)  polyclonal
B)  monoclonalC) A) and B)
D) undefined

Question 5

B cells can generate antibodies with over 1010 different antigen-binding sites.How do so many different antibodies fit onto a single B cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  B cells are unusually large cells.
B)  B cells have wavy, invaginated plasma membranes to provide more surface area.
C)  B cells have long flagella-like extensions to provide more surface area.
D)  They don't -- each B cell makes only a single variety of antibody.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 6

Why must T cell activation take place outside the thymus?

Accepted Answer

A)  An activated T cell could destroy the other maturing T cells.
B)  An activated T cell could then destroy the thymus gland itself.
C)  Many T cells are self-reactive and must be eliminated in the thymus before any possibility of activation.
D)  Other cell types might be accidentally activated in the thymus.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 7

__________ diseases are those abnormal conditions in which the body's defensive cells fail to make the self versus the nonself distinction correctly, and attack the body's own tissues.

Accepted Answer

A)  Septic
B)  Nondiscrete
C)  Autoimmune
D)  CancerousE) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 8

What is a consequence of the fact that the chickenpox virus has a much lower mutation rate than the influenza virus?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chickenpox virus can "hide out" as latent virus in nerve cell bodies, but influenza cannot.
B)  Chickenpox creates skin lesions, while influenza leads to body aches.
C)  Chickenpox virus can reemerge decades later with the symptoms of shingles, while influenza is transient.
D)  A chickenpox infection generally gives immunity against a repeat infection, but people can catch the flu every year.E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 9

The human immunodeficiency virus mounts a direct attack on TH cells by recognizing the _______ surface proteins associated with these cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  Fc
B)  CD4
C)  epitope
D)  cytokineE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 10

Your initial version of the influenza assay kit was a great success.Now you are making a new version that will detect one specific strain of influenza that is particularly virulent, and distinguish it from other typical strains.What type of antibody would be best in this case?

Accepted Answer

A)  polyclonal
B)  monoclonalC) A) and B)
D) undefined

Question 11

What is the name for molecules that provoke a specific immune response?

Accepted Answer

A)  antigens
B)  lymphocytes
C)  antibodies
D)  lysozymesE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 12

T cells binding to MHC-peptide complexes are responsible for acceptance or rejection of transplanted organs.To facilitate acceptance of the transplant, the ideal donor will have a close genetic relationship with the recipient -- even then, immune suppression drugs are often necessary.In a strange variation of this phenomenon, the endangered Tasmanian devil of Australia suffers from a devastating disease in which tumorous tissue is transmitted from animal to animal.What is the likely explanation for the lack of rejection of this transmissible tumor?

Accepted Answer

A)  MHC genes are unique to humans.Without them, the T cells have no way to distinguish self and non-self.
B)  Marsupials lack an adaptive immune system.
C)  Low genetic diversity makes the MHC genes invariant, so the "transplanted" tissue is accepted as self.
D)  Tumors are never targeted by T cells, unless they are caused by a viral infection.E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 13

What category of cells includes both phagocytes and lymphocytes?

Accepted Answer

A)  leukocytes
B)  erythrocytes
C)  platelets
D)  target cellsE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Exam 51: The Immune System

You are designing a fast assay system for detecting flu virus in patients.You hope to send these tests to clinics in far-flung regions of the globe so they can conduct surveillance on influenza epidemics.The kits will need to remain functional for several years.What type of antibody will you choose?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is true regarding cytokines?

Correct Answer
verified

What are the helper and inducer cells?

Correct Answer
verified

What is the name for molecules that provoke a specific immune response?

Correct Answer
verified

Your initial version of the influenza assay kit was a great success.Now you are making a new version that will detect one specific strain of influenza that is particularly virulent, and distinguish it from other typical strains.What type of antibody would be best in this case?

Correct Answer
verified

Why must T cell activation take place outside the thymus?

Correct Answer
verified

What are on the surface of most vertebrate cells, acting as markers of "self"?

Correct Answer
verified

What is a consequence of the fact that the chickenpox virus has a much lower mutation rate than the influenza virus?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

__________ diseases are those abnormal conditions in which the body's defensive cells fail to make the self versus the nonself distinction correctly, and attack the body's own tissues.

Correct Answer
verified

The human immunodeficiency virus mounts a direct attack on T_H cells by recognizing the _______ surface proteins associated with these cells.

Correct Answer
verified

What category of cells includes both phagocytes and lymphocytes?

Correct Answer
verified

B cells can generate antibodies with over 10¹⁰ different antigen-binding sites.How do so many different antibodies fit onto a single B cell?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 51: The Immune System

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is true regarding cytokines?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What are the helper and inducer cells?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the name for molecules that provoke a specific immune response?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Your initial version of the influenza assay kit was a great success.Now you are making a new version that will detect one specific strain of influenza that is particularly virulent, and distinguish it from other typical strains.What type of antibody would be best in this case?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why must T cell activation take place outside the thymus?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What are on the surface of most vertebrate cells, acting as markers of "self"?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is a consequence of the fact that the chickenpox virus has a much lower mutation rate than the influenza virus?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

__________ diseases are those abnormal conditions in which the body's defensive cells fail to make the self versus the nonself distinction correctly, and attack the body's own tissues.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The human immunodeficiency virus mounts a direct attack on TH cells by recognizing the _______ surface proteins associated with these cells.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What category of cells includes both phagocytes and lymphocytes?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

B cells can generate antibodies with over 1010 different antigen-binding sites.How do so many different antibodies fit onto a single B cell?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

The human immunodeficiency virus mounts a direct attack on T_H cells by recognizing the _______ surface proteins associated with these cells.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

B cells can generate antibodies with over 10¹⁰ different antigen-binding sites.How do so many different antibodies fit onto a single B cell?

Correct Answer
verified