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Exam 47: The Digestive System

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Question 21

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Why doesn't the stomach acid just digest right through the wall of the stomach?

A) The lining of the stomach is protected by mucus.
B) Food prevents the acid from digesting the wall of the stomach.
C) The pH of the stomach acid is not low enough to be able to digest the lining.
D) Neutralizers are imbedded in the stomach lining.

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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Question 22

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All of the following teeth are found in adult vertebrates except

A) precanines.
B) molars.
C) incisors.
D) premolars.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Question 23

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Out of the estimated total of 9 liters of material passing through the small intestine, how much of it is absorbed in the small intestine?

In horses, rodents, and lagomorphs, the digestion of cellulose by microorganisms takes place in the

A drop to pH 4.0 in the duodenum would primarily stimulate the release of ________________.

Most digestion in humans occurs in the first 25 centimeters of the 6-meter length of the small intestine called the _________________.

Dorothy suffered a serious stroke that destroyed neurons in the swallowing center of her brain.This damage to her brain would prevent _____.

James has been having trouble digesting lean steaks and other protein-rich foods, and these foods seem to stay in his stomach longer than usual.James is likely lacking the enzyme ____.

Gluten-free food options are becoming more and more common place due to the increased incidence and awareness of celiac disease in the US population.If a person with this disease eats foods containing gluten, the immune system responds by attacking and damaging or destroying his/her own villi.What digestive symptom would NOT be consistent with greatly-reduced numbers of villi?

A patient with advanced colon cancer just had most of his large intestine removed.What process will be most reduced in this patient as compared to a healthy person?

Bicarbonate that neutralizes stomach acid is produced by the

What is NOT true about the human large intestine?

The liver removes excess glucose from the blood and converts it into _______.

The rate at which an animal consumes energy at rest is called _______.

The vertebrate digestive system consists of

In what way are vitamins and essential amino acids similar in human metabolism?

Deficiencies of brush border enzymes in the small intestine would NOT affect the complete digestion of __________.

Scientists in Switzerland compared the total surface area of the small intestine in different species of bats.When the calculations were done as if the inner mucosal surface was smooth, the average inner surface area of the intestinal tube was 9.1 cm² in one species.The mucosal surface area increased to 48 cm² when the villi were factored in and reached a total of 0.13 m² after adding in the membrane surface area of the microvilli.Approximately what percent of the total surface area of the small intestine in these bats can be attributed to the membrane surface area of the microvilli?

Saliva contains the hydrolytic enzyme, salivary amylase, which initiates the breakdown of the polysaccharide _________ into the disaccharide, maltose.

Which of the following represents the correct order of vertebrate gastrointestinal tract layers, going from outside the tract to inside the tract?