Question 1

Based on the phylogeny shown, the group of species including (2-5)  can best be described as a

Accepted Answer

A)  clade.
B)  paraphyletic group.
C)  polyphyletic group.
D)  cladogram.E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 2

The table shows the distribution of traits (A-E)  in six extant species (1-6) .A "0" indicates the ancestral condition, while a "1" indicates the derived condition.Based on this data, which pair of species diverged most recently?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 and 4
B)  2 and 3
C)  2 and 4
D)  6 and 4E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 3

Consider the cladogram shown.Which pair of species shares the greatest number of derived characters (synapomorphies) ?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 and 3
B)  6 and 4
C)  6 and 5
D)  2 and 3E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 4

Evidence suggests that the crocodiles are more closely related to the birds than the turtles and snakes.If so, then including crocodiles, but not birds, in the Class Reptilia would make the Class Reptilia

Accepted Answer

A)  a monophyletic group.
B)  a paraphyletic group.
C)  a polyphyletic group.
D)  parsimonious.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 5

The table shows the distribution of traits (A-E)  in six extant species (1-6) .A "0" indicates the ancestral condition, and a "1" indicates the derived condition.Which pair of species shares the greatest number of derived characters (synapomorphies) ?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 and 4
B)  6 and 3
C)  6 and 1
D)  5 and 6E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 6

The study and reconstruction of phylogenies is

Accepted Answer

A)  evolution.
B)  systematics.
C)  taxonomy.
D)  taxidermy.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 7

Saber teeth found in different groups of extinct carnivorous mammals are considered ___________ structures, as the fossil record shows that saber teeth evolved independently among the groups.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Saber teeth found in different groups of...

Question 8

The table shows the distribution of traits (A-E)  in six extant species (1-6) .A "0" indicates the ancestral condition, and a "1" indicates the derived condition.Which trait is least informative of phylogenetic relationships within the group?

Accepted Answer

A)  A
B)  B
C)  C
D)  DE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 9

Based on the phylogeny shown, we can conclude that species 2 is most closely related to species

Accepted Answer

A)  1.
B)  3.
C)  4.
D)  5.E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 10

Consider the cladogram shown.Which pair of species shares the greatest number of derived characters (synapomorphies) ?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 and 4
B)  2 and 3
C)  2 and 4
D)  6 and 4E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

Choose the true statement about the morphological data in the chart shown below.The "1" in the box means the trait is present and the "0" indicates that the trait is absent.(Note: All of the characteristics across the top of the columns are considered "TRAITS" for purposes of reading the chart.) .

Accepted Answer

A)  All organisms in this chart share all of the derived characteristics.
B)  Only the gorilla and humans share all of the derived characteristics.
C)  The lamprey is the only outgroup since it has none of the derived characteristics.
D)  The salamander and the tiger together are the outgroup because they only share two of the derived characteristics (jaws and lungs) .E) C) and D)
F) B) and D) C

Question 12

The table shows the distribution of traits (A-E)  in six extant species (1-6) .A "0" indicates the ancestral condition, while "1" indicates the derived condition.Based on this data, which species would be considered the outgroup?

Accepted Answer

A)  1
B)  2
C)  3
D)  4E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 13

A ______________ group does not contain the most recent common ancestor.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A ______________ group does not contain the...

Question 14

The behavior of parental care exhibited by dinosaurs is thought to be __________ to this behavior in crocodiles and birds because phylogeny shows that these three groups share a common ancestor.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The behavior of parental care exhibited by...

Question 15

Consider the cladogram shown.Which pair of species shares the greatest number of derived characters (synapomorphies) ?

Accepted Answer

A)  4 and 2
B)  5 and 4
C)  6 and 1
D)  6 and 2E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 16

Based on the phylogeny shown, the outgroup would be species

Accepted Answer

A)  1.
B)  2.
C)  3.
D)  4.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C) A

Question 17

A ______________ group consists of the most recent common ancestor and all of its descendants.

Accepted Answer

monophyletic

Question 18

Characteristics between the branch points of a cladogram that are shared by all organisms above the branch point and are not present in any below it are called

Accepted Answer

A)  homologous characters.
B)  homoplastic characters.
C)  ancestral characters.
D)  derived characters.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 19

The following are steps used to construct a cladogram that best reflects the evolutionary relationships of a group of species.Which step involves deciding which tree is most likely to have occurred, based on the fewest character state changes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Polarize the characters.
B)  Establish the character states.
C)  Gather data on characters to be used.
D)  Apply the principle of parsimony.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 20

The phylogenetic species concept (PSC)  declares that a group is a species if it

Accepted Answer

A)  is reproductively isolated from other species.
B)  has evolved one or more of its own derived characters.
C)  looks different than other species.
D)  is allopatric.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Exam 23: Systematics, Phylogenies, and Comparative Biology

Based on the phylogeny shown, the group of species including (2-5) can best be described as a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The table shows the distribution of traits (A-E) in six extant species (1-6) .A "0" indicates the ancestral condition, while a "1" indicates the derived condition.Based on this data, which pair of species diverged most recently?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Consider the cladogram shown.Which pair of species shares the greatest number of derived characters (synapomorphies) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Evidence suggests that the crocodiles are more closely related to the birds than the turtles and snakes.If so, then including crocodiles, but not birds, in the Class Reptilia would make the Class Reptilia

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The table shows the distribution of traits (A-E) in six extant species (1-6) .A "0" indicates the ancestral condition, and a "1" indicates the derived condition.Which pair of species shares the greatest number of derived characters (synapomorphies) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The study and reconstruction of phylogenies is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Saber teeth found in different groups of extinct carnivorous mammals are considered ___________ structures, as the fossil record shows that saber teeth evolved independently among the groups.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The table shows the distribution of traits (A-E) in six extant species (1-6) .A "0" indicates the ancestral condition, and a "1" indicates the derived condition.Which trait is least informative of phylogenetic relationships within the group?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Based on the phylogeny shown, we can conclude that species 2 is most closely related to species

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Consider the cladogram shown.Which pair of species shares the greatest number of derived characters (synapomorphies) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Choose the true statement about the morphological data in the chart shown below.The "1" in the box means the trait is present and the "0" indicates that the trait is absent.(Note: All of the characteristics across the top of the columns are considered "TRAITS" for purposes of reading the chart.) .

Correct AnswerverifiedC

The table shows the distribution of traits (A-E) in six extant species (1-6) .A "0" indicates the ancestral condition, while "1" indicates the derived condition.Based on this data, which species would be considered the outgroup?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A ______________ group does not contain the most recent common ancestor.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The behavior of parental care exhibited by dinosaurs is thought to be __________ to this behavior in crocodiles and birds because phylogeny shows that these three groups share a common ancestor.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Consider the cladogram shown.Which pair of species shares the greatest number of derived characters (synapomorphies) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Based on the phylogeny shown, the outgroup would be species

Correct AnswerverifiedA

A ______________ group consists of the most recent common ancestor and all of its descendants.

Correct Answerverifiedmonophyletic

Characteristics between the branch points of a cladogram that are shared by all organisms above the branch point and are not present in any below it are called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The following are steps used to construct a cladogram that best reflects the evolutionary relationships of a group of species.Which step involves deciding which tree is most likely to have occurred, based on the fewest character state changes?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The phylogenetic species concept (PSC) declares that a group is a species if it

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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C

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A

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monophyletic

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