Question 1

You have discovered a new gene similar to an integrin.If you misexpress this gene in the wrong tissue early in development, what is a likely phenotype?

Accepted Answer

A)  migration into the wrong area
B)  apoptosis
C)  homeotic transformation
D)  defects in anterior-posterior patterningE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 2

In general, the blastomeres of this region form the ectodermal tissues.

Accepted Answer

A)  animal pole
B)  vegetal pole
C)  equator region
D)  membraneE) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 3

Briggs and King demonstrated nuclear transplantation in

Accepted Answer

A)  sheep.
B)  frogs.
C)  pigs.
D)  lizards.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 4

Very early in development, each cell is capable of expressing all its genes.This is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  determination.
B)  specification.
C)  bipotential induction.
D)  totipotency.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 5

Cells that are programmed to die, shrivel and shrink in a process called

Accepted Answer

A)  apoptosis.
B)  necrosis.
C)  totipotency.
D)  induction.E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 6

What is the correct order of gene expression in the early Drosophila embryo?

Accepted Answer

A)  pair-rule genes, gap genes, segment polarity genes
B)  gap genes, pair-rule genes, segment polarity genes
C)  gap genes, segment polarity genes, pair-rule genes
D)  segment polarity genes, pair-rule genes, gap genesE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 7

In Drosophila, the cells created by cleavage contain different developmental signals from the egg called cytoplasmic

Accepted Answer

A)  stem cells.
B)  signals.
C)  determinants.
D)  junctions.E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 8

In a 32-cell stage tunicate embryo, vegetal marginal cells that lack functional genes for both macho-1 and the FGF receptor would develop as what cell type?

Accepted Answer

A)  mesenchyme
B)  muscle
C)  notochord
D)  nerve cordE) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 9

You created a worm that expresses a human Bcl-2 transgene, and you are crossing the transgene into a homozygous ced-9 mutant background.However, you inadvertantly used a clone of Bcl-2 with a mutation in the BH domain, which is essential for function.What results do you expect for the ced-9 mutants with the mutant Bcl-2 transgene?

Accepted Answer

A)  131 cells will die.
B)  All 1090 cells will die.
C)  All 1090 cells will live.
D)  959 cells will die.E) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 10

These are cell adhesion proteins that some cells use in the process of differentiation during development.

Accepted Answer

A)  Cadherins
B)  Glycospheres
C)  Receptors
D)  PhospholipidsE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 11

What can be said about Drosophila development?

Accepted Answer

A)  Paternal genes determine the initial course of development after fertilization.
B)  Zygotic genes determine the initial course of development after fertilization.
C)  Maternal genes determine the initial course of development after fertilization.
D)  Syncytial blastoderm genes determine the initial course of development after fertilization.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 12

The low success rate and age-related diseases associated with reproductive cloning is thought to be due to

Accepted Answer

A)  genetic imprinting.
B)  the age of the donor cell.
C)  cell cycle problems.
D)  large offspring syndrome (LOS) .E) A) and D)
F) A) and C) A

Question 13

A zygote is a fertilized egg formed by an egg and a sperm.The zygote undergoes many mitotic events as it develops into a solid ball of cells (ie, blastomeres)  called a blastula.What changes occur in this early cleavage?

Accepted Answer

A)  During the initial stages of cleavage, there is a tremendous increase in the number and size of blastomeres.
B)  During the initial stages of cleavage, there is a tremendous decrease in the number and size of blastomeres.
C)  During the initial stages of cleavage, there is a tremendous increase in the number of cells coupled with a decrease in the size of the cells composing the developing organism.
D)  During the initial stages of cleavage, there is no increase in the number of cells of the developing organism, but the size of the cells increases.E) A) and C)
F) A) and D) C

Question 14

Adult stem cells are usually

Accepted Answer

A)  differentiated.
B)  totipotent.
C)  pluripotent.
D)  multipotent.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 15

If cells from a wing are transplanted to the leg prior to their determination, into what will they likely develop?

Accepted Answer

A)  wing cells
B)  leg cells
C)  a mixture of wing and leg cells
D)  cannot be determinedE) All of the above
F) B) and D) B

Question 16

In contrast to the cell cycle of adult somatic cells, the dividing cells of an early embryo lack which cell cycle stage(s) ?

Accepted Answer

A)  M
B)  S
C)  G1 and G2
D)  interphaseE) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 17

Overexpression of caudal in the early Drosophila embryo, at a level high enough to overcome inhibition by Bicoid protein, would

Accepted Answer

A)  interfere with the development of anterior structures.
B)  interfere with the development of posterior structures.
C)  interfere with the development of both anterior and posterior structures.
D)  have no effect since the cytoplasm has already been determined.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 18

Many insects, like moths and flies, undergo complete metamorphosis.What would you predict about gene expression in these two kinds of insects?

Accepted Answer

A)  The basic organization of homeotic genes is the same in both larvae and adult, but the expression of some other genes must be different.
B)  Completely different sets of genes must be used in the development of larvae and the adult.
C)  The order of homeotic genes along the body axis must be different in larvae and adult.
D)  The same genes are expressed at each stage, but the age and number of cells accounts for the minor morphological differences.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 19

In insects, the passage from one body form to another is called

Accepted Answer

A)  pupation.
B)  ecdysis.
C)  metamorphosis.
D)  transference.E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 20

In C. elegans ced-9/ced-3 double mutants

Accepted Answer

A)  131 cells always die.
B)  all 1090 cells die.
C)  all 1090 cells live.
D)   only 959 cells live. E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Exam 19: Cellular Mechanisms of Development

You have discovered a new gene similar to an integrin.If you misexpress this gene in the wrong tissue early in development, what is a likely phenotype?

Correct Answer
verified

In general, the blastomeres of this region form the ectodermal tissues.

Correct Answer
verified

Briggs and King demonstrated nuclear transplantation in

Correct Answer
verified

Very early in development, each cell is capable of expressing all its genes.This is referred to as

Correct Answer
verified

Cells that are programmed to die, shrivel and shrink in a process called

Correct Answer
verified

What is the correct order of gene expression in the early Drosophila embryo?

Correct Answer
verified

In Drosophila, the cells created by cleavage contain different developmental signals from the egg called cytoplasmic

Correct Answer
verified

In a 32-cell stage tunicate embryo, vegetal marginal cells that lack functional genes for both macho-1 and the FGF receptor would develop as what cell type?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

These are cell adhesion proteins that some cells use in the process of differentiation during development.

Correct Answer
verified

What can be said about Drosophila development?

Correct Answer
verified

The low success rate and age-related diseases associated with reproductive cloning is thought to be due to

Correct Answer
verified
A

A zygote is a fertilized egg formed by an egg and a sperm.The zygote undergoes many mitotic events as it develops into a solid ball of cells (ie, blastomeres) called a blastula.What changes occur in this early cleavage?

Correct Answer
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C

Adult stem cells are usually

Correct Answer
verified

If cells from a wing are transplanted to the leg prior to their determination, into what will they likely develop?

Correct Answer
verified
B

In contrast to the cell cycle of adult somatic cells, the dividing cells of an early embryo lack which cell cycle stage(s) ?

Correct Answer
verified

Overexpression of caudal in the early Drosophila embryo, at a level high enough to overcome inhibition by Bicoid protein, would

Correct Answer
verified

Many insects, like moths and flies, undergo complete metamorphosis.What would you predict about gene expression in these two kinds of insects?

Correct Answer
verified

In insects, the passage from one body form to another is called

Correct Answer
verified

In C. elegans ced-9/ced-3 double mutants

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 19: Cellular Mechanisms of Development

You have discovered a new gene similar to an integrin.If you misexpress this gene in the wrong tissue early in development, what is a likely phenotype?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In general, the blastomeres of this region form the ectodermal tissues.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Briggs and King demonstrated nuclear transplantation in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Very early in development, each cell is capable of expressing all its genes.This is referred to as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cells that are programmed to die, shrivel and shrink in a process called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the correct order of gene expression in the early Drosophila embryo?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In Drosophila, the cells created by cleavage contain different developmental signals from the egg called cytoplasmic

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a 32-cell stage tunicate embryo, vegetal marginal cells that lack functional genes for both macho-1 and the FGF receptor would develop as what cell type?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

These are cell adhesion proteins that some cells use in the process of differentiation during development.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What can be said about Drosophila development?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The low success rate and age-related diseases associated with reproductive cloning is thought to be due to

Correct AnswerverifiedA

A zygote is a fertilized egg formed by an egg and a sperm.The zygote undergoes many mitotic events as it develops into a solid ball of cells (ie, blastomeres) called a blastula.What changes occur in this early cleavage?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Adult stem cells are usually

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If cells from a wing are transplanted to the leg prior to their determination, into what will they likely develop?

Correct AnswerverifiedB

In contrast to the cell cycle of adult somatic cells, the dividing cells of an early embryo lack which cell cycle stage(s) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Overexpression of caudal in the early Drosophila embryo, at a level high enough to overcome inhibition by Bicoid protein, would

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Many insects, like moths and flies, undergo complete metamorphosis.What would you predict about gene expression in these two kinds of insects?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In insects, the passage from one body form to another is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In C. elegans ced-9/ced-3 double mutants

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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A

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C

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B

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