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Exam 7: How Cells Harvest Energy

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Question 1

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Cytochromes contain a heme group similar to that in hemoglobin.The iron atom (Fe) in the center of the group can be oxidized and reduced.If someone was suffering from iron deficiency anemia, what stage of cellular respiration would be most affected?

A) Glycolysis
B) The Krebs cycle
C) The electron transport chain
D) Fermentation

E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

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Question 2

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In the absence of oxygen, can cells utilize the electron transport chain?

A) Yes, all cells can make use of the electron transport chain in the absence of oxygen via fermentation.
B) No, oxygen is a required cofactor for the complexes in the electron transport chain.
C) Yes, in the case that a cell can use a terminal electron acceptor other than oxygen, it can make use of the electron transport chain.
D) No, oxygen is the primary electron acceptor in electron transport chains in all cell types.

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

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Question 3

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You decide to go on vacation in the mountains, where you are staying in a cabin.Unfortunately, when you turn on the water in the cabin you smell hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) gas.After some research, you find out that the H₂S may be due to the presence of sulfur bacteria living in your pipes.What molecule do these bacteria use as an electron acceptor?

To form NADH from NAD⁺, two electrons and a proton are removed from an organic molecule.What term best describes the reaction in which electrons and a proton are removed from an organic molecule?

The energy released in the mitochondrial electron transport chain is used to transport proteins into the.

In the reaction catalyzed by aconitase, the conversion of citrate to isocitrate is inhibited by fluoroacetate.Fluoroacetate is used as a pesticide.Why is this an effective pesticide?

What must happen to amino acids before they can be used in catabolic reactions?

What important metabolic intermediate does not cross the inner membrane of the mitochondria?

What happens to the oxygen that is used in cellular respiration?

If citrate levels are high in the cell, but ATP levels are low, what do you think will happen in the cell?

Many of the antiviral drugs currently used to treat HIV/AIDS also interfere with an enzyme that helps mitochondria multiply.Treatment can therefore result in a decrease in the number of mitochondria found in certain tissues.Given this information, what might you expect to see in patients treated with antiviral drugs?

Regardless of the electron or hydrogen acceptor used, one of the products of fermentation is always

As a forensic pathologist, you have just completed an autopsy of a poisoning victim.After a thorough examination, you conclude that the victim died of cyanide poisoning.You know that cyanide binds to the cytochrome oxidase complex, and therefore list the official cause of death as suffocation due to cyanide exposure.However, if you wanted to provide a more technical explanation as to the cause of death, which process was specifically inhibited directly by cyanide?

Arsenic poisoning can lead to organ failure and death.Though arsenic can inhibit or interfere with a number of cellular enzymes, arsenic poisoning is thought to be mainly due to indirect inhibition of enzymes involved in both pyruvate oxidation and the Krebs cycle.As a result, this compound must be able to enter which cellular compartment?

In order to lose weight and reduce body fat, a friend of yours has decided to eliminate all fat from his diet, while consuming unrestricted amounts of carbohydrates.What do you think of this idea?

What oxidizing agent is used to temporarily store high energy electrons harvested from glucose molecules in a series of gradual steps in the cytoplasm?

How and where is ATP made in a eukaryotic cell?

All of the reactions of cellular respiration that occur after glycolysis take place in what part of the eukaryotic cell?

What is the oxidized form of the most common electron carrier that is needed for both glycolysis and the Krebs cycle?

What molecule can oxidize NADH?