Question 1

In a normal mammalian birth, how does the body guarantee that birth proceeds to completion?

Accepted Answer

A)  Via positive feedback -- stretching of the uterus by the descending fetus induces release of oxytocin from the posterior pituitary causing even stronger uterine contractions.
B)  Via negative feedback -- stretching of the uterus by the descending fetus induces release of FSH and LH from the posterior pituitary causing even stronger uterine contractions.
C)  Via positive feedback -- stretching of the uterus by the descending fetus induces release of prolactin from the posterior pituitary causing even stronger uterine contractions.
D)  Via negative feedback -- stretching of the uterus by the descending fetus induces release of prostaglandins from the posterior pituitary causing weaker uterine contractions.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 2

In 1998, researchers found that genes similar to the Drosophila gene tinman are necessary for heart development in vertebrates.What can you conclude about the ancient bilaterian ancestor of insects and vertebrates over 500 million years ago?

Accepted Answer

A)  The fly species that eventually gave rise to vertebrates used tinman to make a heart.
B)  Something about heart development requires a gene to have a tinman-like sequence, but the vertebrate and invertebrate genes arose by convergent evolution -- so the ancestor had a similar but not homologous gene.
C)  The ancient ancestor lacked a heart, but already had a tinman-like gene.
D)  The ancestor had a heart-like structure that was specified by a tinman-like gene.E) C) and D)
F) A) and C) D

Question 3

What is critical to the development of neural crest cell derivatives?

Accepted Answer

A)  close contact with the notochord
B)  regulation of N-cadherin
C)  muscle development genes like muscle myosin
D)  strong cellular adhesions that lock the cells in the place of their originE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 4

The hollow crater formed during gastrulation is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  acrosome
B)  archenteron
C)  morula
D)  cleavage furrowE) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 5

The human placenta is formed by the interaction of uterine tissue and what extraembryonic tissue?

Accepted Answer

A)  amnion
B)  embrion
C)  chorion
D)  yolk sacE) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 6

What actually begins the uterine contractions which leads to giving birth?

Accepted Answer

A)  oxytocin
B)  prolactin
C)  estrogen
D)  prostaglandinsE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 7

To your chagrin, you and your labmate have discovered that you both labeled your petri dishes "A", "B", and "C".How can you distinguish your sea urchin gastrula embryos from her frog gastrula embryos?

Accepted Answer

A)  Unlike frogs, sea urchins are deuterostomes which form the anus first and the mouth second.
B)  Sea urchin cells migrate inside to form the archenteron, whereas in frogs proliferation of dividing cells from the dorsal lip populate the inside of the embryo.
C)  Sea urchins have relatively yolk-poor eggs with similar animal and vegetal poles, whereas frogs have large amounts of yolk distinguishing the vegetal pole from the animal pole.
D)  Frogs have an animal pole and vegetal pole, whereas urchins have only a vegetal pole.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 8

Removing some fluid from directly around a developing human fetus is performed by inserting a long needle into the belly of the female patient.What extraembryonic membrane will be punctured in this process?

Accepted Answer

A)  chorion
B)  amnion
C)  chorionic villi
D)  external epithelium of motherE) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 9

New mothers may benefit from the aid of lactation consultants when learning to breastfeed.These consultants give advice on technique, and help the mother to feel relaxed and confident.What hormone is associated with calm, warm emotions and is also critical for the milk let-down reflex?

Accepted Answer

A)  prolactin
B)  estradiol
C)  oxytocin
D)  mammotropinE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 10

Which of the following animals undergoes true holoblastic cleavage?

Accepted Answer

A)  butterfly
B)  ant
C)  snail
D)  tunaE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 11

Certain groups of cells move inward from the surface of the blastula in a carefully orchestrated migration called

Accepted Answer

A)  blastulation
B)  archenteron formation
C)  morula formation
D)  gastrulationE) A) and D)
F) A) and C) D

Question 12

What basic developmental challenge is solved by the organizer?

Accepted Answer

A)  enhancing migration of cells into the interior of the blastula
B)  assigning developmental fates to cells along the anterior-posterior axis
C)  creating an anterior-posterior axis by responding to maternally-deposited protein factors
D)  creating a dorsal-ventral axis from a spherical ball of cellsE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 13

In mammals, embryonic cells form an inner cell mass that will become the body of the embryo and a layer of surrounding cells that will become the chorionic membrane and placenta.What are these surrounding cells called?

Accepted Answer

A)  blastocoel
B)  yolk
C)  blastodisc
D)  trophoblastE) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 14

A couple conceives at the beginning of January.During which month will their child be undergoing organogenesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  January
B)  February
C)  March
D)  AprilE) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 15

What is the main role of human chorionic gonadotropin?

Accepted Answer

A)  It stimulates the release of oxytocin from the mother's pituitary.
B)  It allows the mother to realize she is pregnant, via pregnancy tests.
C)  It is similar to FSH in stimulating follicle development.
D)  It maintains the corpus luteum.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 16

A research group claims that they have discovered microscopic fossilized embryos, including some at the blastula stage, but other researchers are skeptical.Finally, one student develops a technique for splitting the embryos in half to reveal the substructure.Cutting open the first blastocyst embryo, the student is very excited."It is a blastula!" she shouts,"Look, you can see the ____________________ inside!"

Accepted Answer

A)  granulosa cells
B)  hollow blastocoel
C)  archenteron
D)  neural tubeE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 17

What is the first milk that is produced after birth called?

Accepted Answer

A)  prolactase
B)  colostrum
C)  hCG
D)  chorionic lactaseE) None of the above
F) A) and C) B

Question 18

What is the role of cleavage in the early embryo?

Accepted Answer

A)  produce bigger cells
B)  produce many cells
C)  extrude polar bodies
D)  make the embryo largerE) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 19

The developing embryo of reptiles, birds, and mammals is encased in the fluid-filled ________ membrane.

Accepted Answer

A)  amniotic
B)  embryonic
C)  chorionic
D)  yolk sacE) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 20

What factors stimulate uterine contractions and birth?

Accepted Answer

A)  FSH and prostaglandins
B)  LH and prostaglandins
C)  oxytocin and prostaglandins
D)  prolactin and prostaglandinsE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Exam 53: Animal Development

In a normal mammalian birth, how does the body guarantee that birth proceeds to completion?

Correct Answer
verified

In 1998, researchers found that genes similar to the Drosophila gene tinman are necessary for heart development in vertebrates.What can you conclude about the ancient bilaterian ancestor of insects and vertebrates over 500 million years ago?

Correct Answer
verified
D

What is critical to the development of neural crest cell derivatives?

Correct Answer
verified

The hollow crater formed during gastrulation is known as

Correct Answer
verified

The human placenta is formed by the interaction of uterine tissue and what extraembryonic tissue?

Correct Answer
verified

What actually begins the uterine contractions which leads to giving birth?

Correct Answer
verified

To your chagrin, you and your labmate have discovered that you both labeled your petri dishes "A", "B", and "C".How can you distinguish your sea urchin gastrula embryos from her frog gastrula embryos?

Correct Answer
verified

Removing some fluid from directly around a developing human fetus is performed by inserting a long needle into the belly of the female patient.What extraembryonic membrane will be punctured in this process?

Correct Answer
verified

New mothers may benefit from the aid of lactation consultants when learning to breastfeed.These consultants give advice on technique, and help the mother to feel relaxed and confident.What hormone is associated with calm, warm emotions and is also critical for the milk let-down reflex?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following animals undergoes true holoblastic cleavage?

Correct Answer
verified

Certain groups of cells move inward from the surface of the blastula in a carefully orchestrated migration called

Correct Answer
verified
D

What basic developmental challenge is solved by the organizer?

Correct Answer
verified

In mammals, embryonic cells form an inner cell mass that will become the body of the embryo and a layer of surrounding cells that will become the chorionic membrane and placenta.What are these surrounding cells called?

Correct Answer
verified

A couple conceives at the beginning of January.During which month will their child be undergoing organogenesis?

Correct Answer
verified

What is the main role of human chorionic gonadotropin?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

What is the first milk that is produced after birth called?

Correct Answer
verified
B

What is the role of cleavage in the early embryo?

Correct Answer
verified

The developing embryo of reptiles, birds, and mammals is encased in the fluid-filled ________ membrane.

Correct Answer
verified

What factors stimulate uterine contractions and birth?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 53: Animal Development

In a normal mammalian birth, how does the body guarantee that birth proceeds to completion?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In 1998, researchers found that genes similar to the Drosophila gene tinman are necessary for heart development in vertebrates.What can you conclude about the ancient bilaterian ancestor of insects and vertebrates over 500 million years ago?

Correct AnswerverifiedD

What is critical to the development of neural crest cell derivatives?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The hollow crater formed during gastrulation is known as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The human placenta is formed by the interaction of uterine tissue and what extraembryonic tissue?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What actually begins the uterine contractions which leads to giving birth?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To your chagrin, you and your labmate have discovered that you both labeled your petri dishes "A", "B", and "C".How can you distinguish your sea urchin gastrula embryos from her frog gastrula embryos?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Removing some fluid from directly around a developing human fetus is performed by inserting a long needle into the belly of the female patient.What extraembryonic membrane will be punctured in this process?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

New mothers may benefit from the aid of lactation consultants when learning to breastfeed.These consultants give advice on technique, and help the mother to feel relaxed and confident.What hormone is associated with calm, warm emotions and is also critical for the milk let-down reflex?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following animals undergoes true holoblastic cleavage?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Certain groups of cells move inward from the surface of the blastula in a carefully orchestrated migration called

Correct AnswerverifiedD

What basic developmental challenge is solved by the organizer?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In mammals, embryonic cells form an inner cell mass that will become the body of the embryo and a layer of surrounding cells that will become the chorionic membrane and placenta.What are these surrounding cells called?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A couple conceives at the beginning of January.During which month will their child be undergoing organogenesis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the main role of human chorionic gonadotropin?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the first milk that is produced after birth called?

Correct AnswerverifiedB

What is the role of cleavage in the early embryo?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The developing embryo of reptiles, birds, and mammals is encased in the fluid-filled ________ membrane.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What factors stimulate uterine contractions and birth?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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D

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D

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B

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