Question 1

Removal of the posterior pituitary will immediately cause

Accepted Answer

A)   a decrease in urine volume.
B)   an increase in urine volume.
C)   no change in urine volume.D) A) and B)
E) A) and C)

Question 2

Cortical tissue located between the pyramids is called the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   calyx tissue
B)   renal papillae
C)   renal columns
D)   medullary rays
E)   renal corpusclesF) B) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 3

The kidneys are located behind the ________ membrane on the posterior side of the ________ wall.

Accepted Answer

A)   peritoneal; abdominal
B)   peritoneal; pelvic
C)   renal; abdominal
D)   renal; pelvic
E)   pleural; pelvicF) A) and C)
G) B) and D)

Question 4

Once inside the cells of the ascending limb, K+ and Cl− cross the basal membrane into the interstitial fluid by the process of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   facilitated diffusion
B)   cotransport
C)   counter transport
D)   active transport
E)   simple diffusionF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 5

By the time filtrate reaches the tip of the loop of Henle, ________ of the filtrate volume has been reabsorbed.

Accepted Answer

A)   65%
B)   75%
C)   80%
D)   95%
E)   100%F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 6

Urea is

Accepted Answer

A)   secreted into the filtrate by cells of the distal convoluted tubule.
B)   diffuse out of the collecting ducts into the interstitial fluid of the medulla and then diffuse into the descending loop of Henle.
C)   completely reabsorbed by the nephron.
D)   actively transported into the filtrate by cells of the collecting duct.
E)   None of the choices are correct.F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 7

Most water is reabsorbed from the filtrate in the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   proximal convoluted tubule
B)   descending loop of Henle
C)   ascending loop of Henle
D)   distal convoluted tubule
E)   collecting ductF) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 8

In glomerulonephritis, the permeability of the filtration membrane increases, allowing proteins to cross the membrane. Which of the following would you expect to observe?

Accepted Answer

A)   Increase in filtration volume
B)   Anuria - no urine production
C)   Necrosis of the renal corpuscle
D)   Low protein levels in the filtrate
E)   No change in the filtrateF) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 9

What is the effect of intense sympathetic stimulation on the GFR?

Accepted Answer

A)   GFR increases
B)   GFR decreases
C)   GFR is not affected
D)   GFR increases, then decreasesE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 10

When Na+ is actively transported from tubular cells to the interstitial fluid,

Accepted Answer

A)   no energy is needed.
B)   glucose and amino acids are countertransported at the same time.
C)   Na+ concentration gradient is established between the tubule lumen and tubule cell.
D)   water is countertransported by carrier molecules.
E)   water is secreted.F) A) and B)
G) A) and D)

Question 11

In which of the following locations is filtrate osmolality highest?

Accepted Answer

A)   End of proximal convoluted tubule
B)   Tip of the loop of Henle
C)   End of distal convoluted tubule
D)   Beginning of distal convoluted tubule
E)   Descending loop of HenleF) A) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 12

Which of the following statements concerning the micturition reflex is false?

Accepted Answer

A)   The micturition reflex is initiated by stretching the bladder wall.
B)   Afferent signals are conducted to the sacral segments of the spinal cord by the pelvic nerves.
C)   Efferent signals are sent to the bladder by sympathetic fibers in the pelvic nerve.
D)   The micturition reflex usually produces a series of contractions of the urinary bladder.
E)   The micturition reflex is modified by centers in the pons and cerebrum.F) A) and C)
G) C) and E)

Question 13

Assuming all other values are normal, calculate the net filtration pressure in a patient with a drop in capsular hydrostatic pressure to 8 mmHg.

Accepted Answer

A)   10 mm Hg out
B)   20 mm Hg out
C)   30 mm Hg out
D)   40 mm Hg out
E)   50 mm Hg outF) None of the above
G) A) and D)

Question 14

Intense sympathetic stimulation of the kidney

Accepted Answer

A)   is necessary for normal kidney metabolism.
B)   causes the release of epinephrine from the kidney.
C)   decreases renal flow.
D)   increases filtration rate.
E)   does not alter filtration rate.F) A) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 15

The kidney functions in

Accepted Answer

A)   preventing blood loss.
B)   white blood cell production.
C)   synthesis of vitamin E.
D)   excretion of metabolic wastes.
E)   production of the hormone aldosterone.F) B) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 16

Which of the following ions are cotransported across the wall of the proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule, and the ascending limb of the loop of Henle?

Accepted Answer

A)   sodium and bicarbonate
B)   potassium and phosphate
C)   sodium and chloride
D)   bicarbonate and potassium
E)   potassium and chlorideF) B) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 17

To calculate plasma clearance of any substance, it is necessary to know the

Accepted Answer

A)   quantity of urine produced per minute.
B)   concentration of the cleared substance in the urine.
C)   concentration of the cleared substance in the blood.
D)   All of the choices are correct.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 18

If extracellular fluid osmolality is 385 mOsm/kg, the kidneys will increase reabsorption of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   urea
B)   water
C)   Na+
D)   K+
E)   Cl−F) A) and C)
G) B) and E)

Question 19

Arrange the following in the sequence in which filtrate moves through them.
(1)  Loop of Henle
(2)  Bowman capsule
(3)  Distal convoluted tubule
(4)  Proximal convoluted tubule

Accepted Answer

A)   1, 2, 3, 4
B)   4, 2, 1, 3
C)   2, 4, 3, 1
D)   2, 4, 1, 3
E)   3, 4, 1, 2F) All of the above
G) B) and D)

Question 20

Tubular secretion occurs in which of the following structures?

Accepted Answer

A)   Glomerulus
B)   Urethra
C)   Renal pelvis
D)   Distal convoluted tubule
E)   Collecting ductF) None of the above
G) C) and D)

Exam 26: Urinary System

If extracellular fluid osmolality is 385 mOsm/kg, the kidneys will increase reabsorption of ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In glomerulonephritis, the permeability of the filtration membrane increases, allowing proteins to cross the membrane. Which of the following would you expect to observe?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Assuming all other values are normal, calculate the net filtration pressure in a patient with a drop in capsular hydrostatic pressure to 8 mmHg.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Intense sympathetic stimulation of the kidney

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Most water is reabsorbed from the filtrate in the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In which of the following locations is filtrate osmolality highest?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The kidneys are located behind the ________ membrane on the posterior side of the ________ wall.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The kidney functions in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Urea is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following ions are cotransported across the wall of the proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule, and the ascending limb of the loop of Henle?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Tubular secretion occurs in which of the following structures?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the effect of intense sympathetic stimulation on the GFR?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cortical tissue located between the pyramids is called the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To calculate plasma clearance of any substance, it is necessary to know the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Removal of the posterior pituitary will immediately cause

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements concerning the micturition reflex is false?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When Na+ is actively transported from tubular cells to the interstitial fluid,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Once inside the cells of the ascending limb, K+ and Cl− cross the basal membrane into the interstitial fluid by the process of ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

By the time filtrate reaches the tip of the loop of Henle, ________ of the filtrate volume has been reabsorbed.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Arrange the following in the sequence in which filtrate moves through them. (1) Loop of Henle (2) Bowman capsule (3) Distal convoluted tubule (4) Proximal convoluted tubule

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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The kidneys are located behind the membrane on the posterior side of the wall.

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When Na⁺ is actively transported from tubular cells to the interstitial fluid,

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Once inside the cells of the ascending limb, K⁺ and Cl⁻ cross the basal membrane into the interstitial fluid by the process of ________.

Correct Answer
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