Question 1

Which pattern of hormone secretion, represented by epinephrine, can have dramatic changes in its concentration and circulating levels?

Accepted Answer

A)   Chronic hormone secretion
B)   Long-term hormone secretion
C)   Episodic hormone secretion
D)   Acute hormone secretionE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 2

Blood chemistry changes are examples of ________ stimuli, whereas sympathetic nervous system impulses are examples of ________ stimuli for hormone release.

Accepted Answer

A)   neural; humoral
B)   positive; negative
C)   negative; positive
D)   humoral; neuralE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 3

Match the description with the type of receptor model.
-G-protein

Accepted Answer

A)  Nuclear receptor model
B)  Membrane-bound receptor modelC) A) and B)
D) undefined

Question 4

The release of chemicals from an endocrine or exocrine gland is referred to as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   absorption
B)   diffusion
C)   filtration
D)   secretionE) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 5

All of the following are reasons why some hormones need assistance to travel in the blood except

Accepted Answer

A)   they are small enough to be easily digested by blood enzymes.
B)   they are easily filtered from the blood into the kidney tubules.
C)   they have low solubility in blood plasma due to their chemical nature.
D)   they cannot dissolve in the blood because they are water-soluble.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 6

Increased testosterone levels reduce the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone from the anterior pituitary. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)   inhibition of hormone release by humoral stimuli.
B)   inhibition of hormone release by neural stimuli.
C)   inhibition of hormone release by external stimuli.
D)   inhibition of hormonal release by environmental stimuli.
E)   inhibition of hormone release by hormonal stimuli.F) A) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 7

How do hormones and target cells recognize one another?

Accepted Answer

A)   By signs
B)   By the location of the target cells
C)   By the presence of specific receptor molecules on or in the target cells
D)   By the function of the target cells
E)   By the location of the hormonesF) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 8

A water-soluble hormone binds to its receptor on the plasma membrane. Arrange the events that follow in correct sequence.
(1)  Alpha subunit-GTP complex alters cell activity
(2)  GTP binds to the alpha subunit replacing GDP
(3)  G-protein subunits separate from the receptor
(4)  Alpha subunit separates from other two subunits
(5)  G-protein subunits bind to the receptor

Accepted Answer

A)   5, 2, 3, 4, 1
B)   4, 2, 1, 3, 5
C)   5, 2, 1, 4, 3
D)   5, 4, 2, 1, 3
E)   3, 4, 1, 2, 5F) A) and B)
G) B) and C)

Question 9

In general, the response of target cells to endocrine stimulation is ________ than their response to nervous stimulation.

Accepted Answer

A)   faster and briefer
B)   slower and more prolonged
C)   more accurate
D)   more restricted to a small area of the body
E)   more intenseF) D) and E)
G) C) and E)

Question 10

Once a lipid-soluble hormone is conjugated in the liver

Accepted Answer

A)   its half-life is increased.
B)   it can be more quickly eliminated from the body.
C)   it can be stored for later use.
D)   it is actively transported into cells.
E)   it is more slowly eliminated from the body.F) None of the above
G) B) and C)

Question 11

The role of cAMP when it acts as an intracellular mediator in cells is to

Accepted Answer

A)   bind to and activate protein kinase.
B)   directly activate genes in the nucleus to produce mRNA by binding to DNA.
C)   directly activate structural enzymes in the cytoplasm of the target cell.
D)   catalyze a cascade reaction that ultimately activates genes on the DNA.
E)   control levels of calcium in the cell.F) All of the above
G) B) and C)

Question 12

Which of the following occurs when a hormone binds to a nuclear receptor?

Accepted Answer

A)   Activation of cyclic AMP
B)   Activation of mRNA synthesis
C)   Increased lipid synthesis by ribosomes
D)   Opens membrane channels
E)   Alters membrane permeabilityF) None of the above
G) B) and E)

Question 13

Most hormones are regulated by ________ mechanisms.

Accepted Answer

A)   negative-feedback
B)   neural-feedback
C)   positive-feedback
D)   hormonal-feedbackE) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 14

Match the description with the type of receptor model.
-Messenger RNA synthesis regulated

Accepted Answer

A)  Nuclear receptor model
B)  Membrane-bound receptor modelC) A) and B)
D) undefined

Question 15

Hormonal secretion can be regulated by

Accepted Answer

A)   the action of a substance other than a hormone.
B)   the nervous system.
C)   other hormones.
D)   All of the choices are correct.
E)   None of the choices are correct.F) C) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 16

After a meal, blood glucose levels rise and stimulate the release of insulin. Of which type of stimulation is this an example?

Accepted Answer

A)   Humoral
B)   Neural
C)   Hormonal
D)   HypothalamicE) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 17

Changes in blood calcium levels affect the secretion of both PTH and calcitonin. PTH increases blood calcium levels but calcitonin decreases blood calcium levels. Calcium is therefore an humoral inhibitor of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   calcitonin
B)   PTH
C)   both PTH and calcitoninD) B) and C)
E) A) and C)

Question 18

Which type of chemical messenger is released from neurons to activate an adjacent cell?

Accepted Answer

A)   Paracrine
B)   Neurotransmitter
C)   Autocrine
D)   EndocrineE) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 19

Sympathetic neurons can serve as ________ stimuli for hormone release from certain endocrine organs.

Accepted Answer

A)   autocrine
B)   humoral
C)   paracrine
D)   neuralE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 20

Which chemical class of hormone is more likely to need a binding protein for transport in the blood?

Accepted Answer

A)   Water-soluble
B)   Amino acid derivative
C)   Protein
D)   Lipid-solubleE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Exam 17: Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

How do hormones and target cells recognize one another?

Correct Answer
verified

Most hormones are regulated by ________ mechanisms.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following occurs when a hormone binds to a nuclear receptor?

Correct Answer
verified

Increased testosterone levels reduce the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone from the anterior pituitary. This is an example of

Correct Answer
verified

The release of chemicals from an endocrine or exocrine gland is referred to as ________.

Correct Answer
verified

All of the following are reasons why some hormones need assistance to travel in the blood except

Correct Answer
verified

The role of cAMP when it acts as an intracellular mediator in cells is to

Correct Answer
verified

Once a lipid-soluble hormone is conjugated in the liver

Correct Answer
verified

Which chemical class of hormone is more likely to need a binding protein for transport in the blood?

Correct Answer
verified

In general, the response of target cells to endocrine stimulation is ________ than their response to nervous stimulation.

Correct Answer
verified

Match the description with the type of receptor model. -Messenger RNA synthesis regulated

Correct Answer
verified

Which type of chemical messenger is released from neurons to activate an adjacent cell?

Correct Answer
verified

Which pattern of hormone secretion, represented by epinephrine, can have dramatic changes in its concentration and circulating levels?

Correct Answer
verified

Match the description with the type of receptor model. -G-protein

Correct Answer
verified

Blood chemistry changes are examples of stimuli, whereas sympathetic nervous system impulses are examples of stimuli for hormone release.

Correct Answer
verified

Hormonal secretion can be regulated by

Correct Answer
verified

Changes in blood calcium levels affect the secretion of both PTH and calcitonin. PTH increases blood calcium levels but calcitonin decreases blood calcium levels. Calcium is therefore an humoral inhibitor of ________.

Correct Answer
verified

After a meal, blood glucose levels rise and stimulate the release of insulin. Of which type of stimulation is this an example?

Correct Answer
verified

Sympathetic neurons can serve as ________ stimuli for hormone release from certain endocrine organs.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 17: Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

How do hormones and target cells recognize one another?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Most hormones are regulated by ________ mechanisms.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following occurs when a hormone binds to a nuclear receptor?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Increased testosterone levels reduce the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone from the anterior pituitary. This is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The release of chemicals from an endocrine or exocrine gland is referred to as ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All of the following are reasons why some hormones need assistance to travel in the blood except

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The role of cAMP when it acts as an intracellular mediator in cells is to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Once a lipid-soluble hormone is conjugated in the liver

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which chemical class of hormone is more likely to need a binding protein for transport in the blood?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In general, the response of target cells to endocrine stimulation is ________ than their response to nervous stimulation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Match the description with the type of receptor model. -Messenger RNA synthesis regulated

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which type of chemical messenger is released from neurons to activate an adjacent cell?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which pattern of hormone secretion, represented by epinephrine, can have dramatic changes in its concentration and circulating levels?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Match the description with the type of receptor model. -G-protein

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Blood chemistry changes are examples of ________ stimuli, whereas sympathetic nervous system impulses are examples of ________ stimuli for hormone release.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hormonal secretion can be regulated by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Changes in blood calcium levels affect the secretion of both PTH and calcitonin. PTH increases blood calcium levels but calcitonin decreases blood calcium levels. Calcium is therefore an humoral inhibitor of ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After a meal, blood glucose levels rise and stimulate the release of insulin. Of which type of stimulation is this an example?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sympathetic neurons can serve as ________ stimuli for hormone release from certain endocrine organs.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Blood chemistry changes are examples of stimuli, whereas sympathetic nervous system impulses are examples of stimuli for hormone release.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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