Question 1

The fact that people associate mostly with others whose attitudes are similar to their own suggests the prevalence of naturally occurring

Accepted Answer

A)  social facilitation.
B)  groupthink.
C)  minority influence.
D)  group polarization.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 2

According to Festinger (1954) ,it is human nature to want to evaluate our opinions by

Accepted Answer

A)  comparing ourselves with others.
B)  designing everyday tests of validity.
C)  engaging in frequent introspection.
D)  actively studying the results of scientific research.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 3

In the context of groupthink,rationalization and a stereotyped view of an opponent result in

Accepted Answer

A)  closed-mindedness.
B)  self-censorship.
C)  an impartial attitude.
D)  conformity pressure.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 4

Students who join extracurricular groups on campus tend to find that their attitudes regarding the groups' purposes increase if they stay in the group.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  social facilitation.
B)  groupthink.
C)  minority influence.
D)  group polarization.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 5

Myers and Bishop (1970) set up organized groups of relatively prejudiced and nonprejudiced high school students and asked them to respond-both before and after discussion-to issues involving racial attitudes.Results indicated that the discussions among like-minded students

Accepted Answer

A)  were more positive and engaging than if they disagreed.
B)  helped in forging intimate friendships.
C)  were similar among both the groups of students.
D)  increased the initial gap among the students.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 6

Which of the following best reflects group polarization in a community?

Accepted Answer

A)  gang delinquency
B)  a massacre
C)  sorority membership
D)  a looting mobE) A) and D)
F) B) and C) A

Question 7

A false impression of what other people are thinking,feeling,or responding is what social psychologists call

Accepted Answer

A)  an imaginary audience.
B)  social comparison.
C)  pluralistic ignorance.
D)  groupthink.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 8

You are hesitant to ask questions in class because you assume everyone else understands and you would therefore seem foolish.Your thinking best exemplifies

Accepted Answer

A)  groupthink.
B)  pluralistic ignorance.
C)  social loafing.
D)  self-handicapping.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 9

On what issues do persuasive arguments sway responses?

Accepted Answer

A)  issues that have a factual element
B)  moderate,rather than severe,issues
C)  value-laden judgments
D)  complex,rather than simple,issuesE) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 10

Groupthink can be defined as

Accepted Answer

A)  a tendency to suppress dissent in the interests of group harmony.
B)  a tendency to sacrifice group cohesiveness in favor of task orientation and problem focus.
C)  enhancement of problem-solving capacity as a result of several persons joining together to work on the same problem.
D)  reduced self-awareness as a result of group immersion and social anonymity.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 11

According to social comparison theory,we are most persuaded by

Accepted Answer

A)  experts.
B)  people in our reference group.
C)  people who hold opinions that are different from ours.
D)  leaders.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 12

When people learn about others' positions,without making a prior commitment and without discussing their own position,they will

Accepted Answer

A)  often take a reverse position.
B)  not adjust their own position.
C)  adjust their responses to be more in line with the others' position.
D)  pretend they "knew it all along."E) All of the above
F) B) and D) C

Question 13

In the context of groupthink,_____ is a symptom that leads group members to overestimate their group's might and right.

Accepted Answer

A)  conformity pressure
B)  self-censorship
C)  an illusion of invulnerability
D)  an illusion of unanimityE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 14

In the context of groupthink,the absence of dissent in a group is most likely to create

Accepted Answer

A)  impartiality.
B)  an illusion of control.
C)  an illusion of unanimity.
D)  cognitive dissonance.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 15

Group polarization occurs when group discussion _____ group members' initial inclinations.

Accepted Answer

A)  challenges
B)  reverses
C)  neutralizes
D)  strengthensE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 16

Teresa has joined the campus Amnesty International Group,and after attending a few of the meetings,she now feels even more passionate about human rights.Social psychologists would explain the change in Teresa's opinions using

Accepted Answer

A)  social facilitation.
B)  groupthink.
C)  minority influence.
D)  group polarization.E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 17

According to Irving Janis,which of the following procedures is effective in preventing groupthink?

Accepted Answer

A)  Groups should avoid designating one of its members as a devil's advocate.
B)  Group members should be occasionally subdivided and then reunited to air differences.
C)  Outsiders should be discouraged from challenging or critiquing the group's views.
D)  Group discussions should begin by having people state their positions.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above B

Question 18

The fact that active participation in discussion produces more polarization is best explained by

Accepted Answer

A)  informational influence.
B)  normative influence.
C)  the cognitive miser theory.
D)  a decrease in pluralistic ignorance.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 19

Consistent with what is known about group polarization,Schkade and Sunstein (2003) found that on federal appellate court cases,a Republican judge sitting with two other Republican judges voted _____ than when sitting with one Democratic judge.

Accepted Answer

A)  more liberally
B)  more conservatively
C)  more predictably
D)  less predictablyE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 20

Julio is a directive leader of a highly cohesive student group on campus.When discussing important policy decisions,the group will be at greatest risk for groupthink if it is also

Accepted Answer

A)  isolated from dissenting viewpoints.
B)  composed of majority and minority students.
C)  well informed regarding both sides of the issue.
D)  aware of the dangers of making wrong decisions.E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Exam 20: How Do Groups Intensify Decisions

The fact that people associate mostly with others whose attitudes are similar to their own suggests the prevalence of naturally occurring

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Festinger (1954) ,it is human nature to want to evaluate our opinions by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the context of groupthink,rationalization and a stereotyped view of an opponent result in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Students who join extracurricular groups on campus tend to find that their attitudes regarding the groups' purposes increase if they stay in the group.This is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Myers and Bishop (1970) set up organized groups of relatively prejudiced and nonprejudiced high school students and asked them to respond-both before and after discussion-to issues involving racial attitudes.Results indicated that the discussions among like-minded students

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following best reflects group polarization in a community?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

A false impression of what other people are thinking,feeling,or responding is what social psychologists call

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You are hesitant to ask questions in class because you assume everyone else understands and you would therefore seem foolish.Your thinking best exemplifies

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

On what issues do persuasive arguments sway responses?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Groupthink can be defined as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to social comparison theory,we are most persuaded by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When people learn about others' positions,without making a prior commitment and without discussing their own position,they will

Correct AnswerverifiedC

In the context of groupthink,_____ is a symptom that leads group members to overestimate their group's might and right.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the context of groupthink,the absence of dissent in a group is most likely to create

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Group polarization occurs when group discussion _____ group members' initial inclinations.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Teresa has joined the campus Amnesty International Group,and after attending a few of the meetings,she now feels even more passionate about human rights.Social psychologists would explain the change in Teresa's opinions using

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Irving Janis,which of the following procedures is effective in preventing groupthink?

Correct AnswerverifiedB

The fact that active participation in discussion produces more polarization is best explained by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Consistent with what is known about group polarization,Schkade and Sunstein (2003) found that on federal appellate court cases,a Republican judge sitting with two other Republican judges voted _____ than when sitting with one Democratic judge.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Julio is a directive leader of a highly cohesive student group on campus.When discussing important policy decisions,the group will be at greatest risk for groupthink if it is also

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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A

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C

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B

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