Question 1

Glycogenesis is stimulated by , and glycogenolysis is stimulated by .

Accepted Answer

A)  insulin; glucagon and epinephrine
B)  insulin; aldosterone
C)  growth hormone; glucagon and epinephrine
D)  growth hormone; cortisol
E)  growth hormone; insulinF) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

Question 2

Glucose in excess of the body's immediate needs is usually converted to protein.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Proteins are associated with all these functions except

Accepted Answer

A)  muscle contraction.
B)  transport of blood lipids.
C)  blood viscosity and osmolarity.
D)  enzymatic reactions.
E)  serving as cofactors for enzymes.F) C) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 4

The synthesis of glucose from amino acids belongs to a metabolic process called

Accepted Answer

A)  glycogenesis.
B)  glycogenolysis.
C)  glycolysis.
D)  gluconeogenesis.
E)  glycogen catabolism.F) None of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 5

Macronutrients include

Accepted Answer

A)  sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride, and phosphorous.
B)  nucleic acids, carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.
C)  sodium, potassium, carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.
D)  carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and water.
E)  carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins, but not water.F) A) and D)
G) C) and E)

Question 6

Vitamin deficiency is the most common worldwide.

Accepted Answer

A)  A (retinol) 
B)  B6 (pyridoxine) 
C)  C (ascorbic acid) 
D)  D (calcitriol) 
E)  E (α-tocopherol) F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 7

Oxidation of a typical fatty acid can yield

Accepted Answer

A)  2 ATP.
B)  18 ATP.
C)  36 ATP.
D)  38 ATP.
E)  129 ATP.F) B) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 8

The overall reaction for aerobic respiration is

Accepted Answer

A)  C6H12O6 + 6 H₂O → 6 CO₂ + 6 O₂.
B)  C6H12O6 + 6 O₂ → 6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O.
C)  C6H12O6 + 6 CO₂ → 6 O₂ + 6 H₂O.
D)  6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O → C6H12O6 + 6 O₂.
E)  6 O₂+ 6 H₂O → C6H12O6 + 6 CO₂.F) A) and C)
G) D) and E)

Question 9

During periods of fasting, fat is said to have a protein-sparing effect because the body

Accepted Answer

A)  oxidizes its spare protein before it depletes its fat reserves.
B)  metabolizes fats and proteins through the same metabolic pathways.
C)  must have an adequate fat intake in order to absorb and metabolize proteins.
D)  must have an adequate protein intake in order to absorb and metabolize fats.
E)  does not oxidize its proteins unless it has consumed its fat reserves first.F) B) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 10

When a person is active, most of the body heat is generated in the brain, heart, and endocrine
glands.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Body weight is stable when average daily energy intake and output are equal.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

constitute the so-called "bad cholesterol."

Accepted Answer

A)  Triglycerides
B)  Chylomicrons
C)  Low-density lipoproteins
D)  High-density lipoproteins
E)  Very-low-density lipoproteinsF) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

Question 13

Incomplete fatty acid oxidation produces , which might lead to .

Accepted Answer

A)  triglycerides; new triglycerides
B)  ketone bodies; acidosis
C)  pyruvic acid; acidosis
D)  glycerol; alkalosis
E)  acetyl-CoA; acidosisF) B) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 14

What metabolic process produces ammonia?

Accepted Answer

A)  beta oxidation of α-ketoglutaric acid
B)  lipolysis
C)  transamination of urea
D)  amination of keto acids
E)  deamination of glutamic acidF) D) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 15

Carbohydrates function as structural components of other molecules including all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  glycolipids.
B)  glycoproteins.
C)  nucleic acids.
D)  amino acids.
E)  ATP.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 16

Which is the healthiest ratio?

Accepted Answer

A)  high HDL: low LDL
B)  high LDL: low HDL
C)  high LDL: low chylomicron
D)  high SFA: low HDL
E)  high chylomicron: low LDLF) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 17

Aerobic respiration is more efficient than anaerobic fermentation, but the latter is oxygen-
independent.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Gut-brain peptides are secreted by the brain and target the gastrointestinal tract.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Which of the following would you expect to be in a state of negative nitrogen balance?

Accepted Answer

A)  growing children
B)  pregnant women
C)  weightlifters
D)  patients with muscle atrophy
E)  bodybuildersF) C) and E)
G) D) and E)

Question 20

is a product of glycolysis.

Accepted Answer

A)  Glucose
B)  Carbon dioxide
C)  Lactic acid
D)  Pyruvic acid
E)  Acetyl-CoAF) C) and E)
G) A) and D)

Exam 26: Nutrition and Metabolism

Carbohydrates function as structural components of other molecules including all of the following except

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Gut-brain peptides are secreted by the brain and target the gastrointestinal tract.

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Incomplete fatty acid oxidation produces , which might lead to .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which is the healthiest ratio?

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Body weight is stable when average daily energy intake and output are equal.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Aerobic respiration is more efficient than anaerobic fermentation, but the latter is oxygen- independent.

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The overall reaction for aerobic respiration is

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constitute the so-called "bad cholesterol."

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Glycogenesis is stimulated by , and glycogenolysis is stimulated by .

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When a person is active, most of the body heat is generated in the brain, heart, and endocrine glands.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What metabolic process produces ammonia?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Oxidation of a typical fatty acid can yield

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Vitamin deficiency is the most common worldwide.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Glucose in excess of the body's immediate needs is usually converted to protein.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following would you expect to be in a state of negative nitrogen balance?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The synthesis of glucose from amino acids belongs to a metabolic process called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Macronutrients include

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Proteins are associated with all these functions except

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

is a product of glycolysis.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During periods of fasting, fat is said to have a protein-sparing effect because the body

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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