Question 1

Excretion of phosphate

Accepted Answer

A)  increases free potassium ions in the ECF.
B)  increases free calcium ions in the ECF.
C)  increases free chloride ions in the ICF.
D)  decreases free potassium ions in the ECF.
E)  decreases free calcium ions in the ECF.F) A) and E)
G) None of the above

Question 2

When the renal tubules secrete hydrogen ions into the tubular fluid, they at the same time.

Accepted Answer

A)  secrete potassium
B)  secrete sodium
C)  reabsorb potassium
D)  secrete chloride
E)  reabsorb sodiumF) C) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 3

is the most significant solute in determining the distribution of water among fluid compartments.

Accepted Answer

A)  Na+
B)  Cl-
C)  Ca₂+
D)  K+
E)  PiF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 4

In acidosis, the membrane potential of nerve cells is , which the central nervous system.

Accepted Answer

A)  repolarized; inhibits
B)  depolarized; stimulates
C)  hyperpolarized; depresses
D)  depolarized; depresses
E)  hyperpolarized; stimulatesF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 5

Proteins can buffer a drop in pH by their side groups and can buffer an increase in pH by their side groups.

Accepted Answer

A)  -NH₂; -PO4
B)  -PO4; -COOH
C)  -NH₂; -COOH
D)  -COOH; -NH₂
E)  -PO4; -NH₂F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 6

Most of the body water is in

Accepted Answer

A)  the intracellular fluid (ICF) .
B)  the extracellular fluid (ECF) .
C)  tissue (interstitial)  fluid.
D)  blood plasma and lymph.
E)  the transcellular fluid.F) None of the above
G) C) and E)

Question 7

Breathing with the head inside a plastic bag can lead to

Accepted Answer

A)  metabolic alkalosis.
B)  metabolic acidosis.
C)  urinary alkalosis.
D)  urinary acidosis.
E)  respiratory acidosis.F) All of the above
G) C) and E)

Question 8

When blood volume and pressure are too high

Accepted Answer

A)  ADH release is inhibited.
B)  ADH release is stimulated.
C)  renal tubules reabsorb more water.
D)  renal tubules reabsorb more sodium.
E)  the kidneys produce less urine.F) None of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 9

These scenarios are related with hyperkalemia except

Accepted Answer

A)  cells are more excitable.
B)  resting membrane potential is more negative.
C)  cells are partially depolarized.
D)  cells are more sensitive to stimulation.
E)  there is less diffusion of potassium out of the cells.F) B) and C)
G) C) and E)

Question 10

An antiport system on the basal side of renal tubule cells

Accepted Answer

A)  transports bicarbonate from the tubular fluid back into the tubule cells.
B)  transports H+ in both directions across the epithelium.
C)  transports CO₂ from the blood into the tubule cells.
D)  exchanges K+ for Na+.
E)  exchanges H+ for Na+.F) B) and C)
G) B) and E)

Question 11

Women have a tendency to retain water during part of the menstrual cycle because estrogen mimics the action of

Accepted Answer

A)  ADH.
B)  aldosterone.
C)  atrial natriuretic hormone.
D)  oxytocin.
E)  prolactin.F) A) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 12

Osmosis from one fluid compartment to another is determined by

Accepted Answer

A)  the temperature difference between compartments.
B)  the relative concentration of solutes in each compartment.
C)  the relative volume in each compartment.
D)  the relative size of each compartment.
E)  blood pressure.F) A) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 13

This is the principal cation of the ECF.

Accepted Answer

A)  Ca₂+
B)  Cl-
C)  K+
D)  Na+
E)  PiF) All of the above
G) D) and E)

Question 14

Uncompensated alkalosis is a pH imbalance that can only be corrected with clinical intervention.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The total body water (TBW)  content of a 70 kg young male is about

Accepted Answer

A)  10 L.
B)  20 L.
C)  40 L.
D)  60 L.
E)  70 L.F) B) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 16

The three physiological buffer systems are urinary, digestive, and respiratory.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

A buffer system converts a weak acid or base into a strong one.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Long-term inhibition of thirst is mostly associated with

Accepted Answer

A)  cooling of the mouth.
B)  distention of the stomach by ingested water.
C)  a drop in blood osmolarity.
D)  moistening of the mouth.
E)  increased salivation.F) C) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 19

The major chemical buffers systems of the body are the systems.

Accepted Answer

A)  urinary and respiratory
B)  urinary and digestive
C)  bicarbonate, phosphate, and protein
D)  bicarbonate, nucleic acids, and protein
E)  bicarbonate, phosphate, and nitrateF) B) and E)
G) B) and C)

Exam 24: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid - Base Balance

This is the principal cation of the ECF.

Correct Answer
verified

is the most significant solute in determining the distribution of water among fluid compartments.

Correct Answer
verified

Excretion of phosphate

Correct Answer
verified

In acidosis, the membrane potential of nerve cells is , which the central nervous system.

Correct Answer
verified

Uncompensated alkalosis is a pH imbalance that can only be corrected with clinical intervention.

Correct Answer
verified

When the renal tubules secrete hydrogen ions into the tubular fluid, they at the same time.

Correct Answer
verified

The three physiological buffer systems are urinary, digestive, and respiratory.

Correct Answer
verified

Most of the body water is in

Correct Answer
verified

These scenarios are related with hyperkalemia except

Correct Answer
verified

Women have a tendency to retain water during part of the menstrual cycle because estrogen mimics the action of

Correct Answer
verified

The total body water (TBW) content of a 70 kg young male is about

Correct Answer
verified

A buffer system converts a weak acid or base into a strong one.

Correct Answer
verified

When blood volume and pressure are too high

Correct Answer
verified

The major chemical buffers systems of the body are the systems.

Correct Answer
verified

Long-term inhibition of thirst is mostly associated with

Correct Answer
verified

Breathing with the head inside a plastic bag can lead to

Correct Answer
verified

An antiport system on the basal side of renal tubule cells

Correct Answer
verified

Proteins can buffer a drop in pH by their side groups and can buffer an increase in pH by their side groups.

Correct Answer
verified

Osmosis from one fluid compartment to another is determined by

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 24: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid - Base Balance

This is the principal cation of the ECF.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

is the most significant solute in determining the distribution of water among fluid compartments.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Excretion of phosphate

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In acidosis, the membrane potential of nerve cells is , which the central nervous system.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Uncompensated alkalosis is a pH imbalance that can only be corrected with clinical intervention.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When the renal tubules secrete hydrogen ions into the tubular fluid, they at the same time.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The three physiological buffer systems are urinary, digestive, and respiratory.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Most of the body water is in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

These scenarios are related with hyperkalemia except

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Women have a tendency to retain water during part of the menstrual cycle because estrogen mimics the action of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The total body water (TBW) content of a 70 kg young male is about

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A buffer system converts a weak acid or base into a strong one.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When blood volume and pressure are too high

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The major chemical buffers systems of the body are the systems.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Long-term inhibition of thirst is mostly associated with

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Breathing with the head inside a plastic bag can lead to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An antiport system on the basal side of renal tubule cells

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Proteins can buffer a drop in pH by their side groups and can buffer an increase in pH by their side groups.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Osmosis from one fluid compartment to another is determined by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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