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Exam 17: Oligopoly

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Question 71

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Table 17-8 This table shows the payoffs for a game played between two players, A and B. -Refer to Table 17-8. Which of the following outcomes represents a Nash equilibrium in the game?

A) Up-Center
B) Middle-Right
C) Down-Left
D) Down-Center

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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Question 72

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In the prisoners' dilemma game, confessing is a dominant strategy for each of the two prisoners.

A) True
B) False

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Question 73

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Why do economists use game theory to study the actions of firms in oligopoly markets but not in other markets?

Table 17-2 The information in the following table shows the total demand for internet radio subscriptions in a small urban market. Assume that each company that provides these subscriptions incurs an annual fixed cost of $20,000 (per year) and that the marginal cost of providing an additional subscription is always $16. ​ ​ $\begin{array} { | c | c | } \hline \begin{array} { c } \text { Quantity Demanded } \\\text { (Internet radio } \\\text { sub scriptions) }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Price } \\\text { (Dollars per subscription } \\\text { per year) }\end{array} \\\hline 0 & 64 \\\hline 500 & 60 \\\hline 1,000 & 56 \\\hline 1,500 & 52 \\\hline 2,000 & 48 \\\hline 2,500 & 44 \\\hline 3,000 & 40 \\\hline 3,500 & 36 \\\hline 4,000 & 32 \\\hline 4,500 & 28 \\\hline 5,000 & 24 \\\hline 5,500 & 20 \\\hline 6,000 & 16 \\\hline 6,500 & 12 \\\hline 7,000 & 8 \\\hline 7,500 & 4 \\\hline 8,000 & 0 \\\hline\end{array}$ ​ -Refer to Table 17-2. Assume there are two profit-maximizing internet radio providers operating in this market. Further assume that they are not able to collude on the price and quantity of subscriptions to sell. How many subscriptions will be sold altogether when this market reaches a Nash equilibrium?

Table 17-12 Suppose that Angelina and Brad own the only two professional photography stores in town. Each must choose between a low price and a high price for senior photo packages. The annual economic profit from each strategy is indicated in the table below: Angelina Low price High price $\begin{array}{c}\begin{array}{|l}\hline\\\text { Brad }\\\\\\\hline\end{array}\begin{array} { | l | l | l | } \hline \text { Low price } & \begin{array} { l } \text { Angelina's profit } = \$ 20,000 \\\text { Brad's profit } = \$ 20,000\end{array} & \begin{array} { l } \text { Angelina's profit } = \$ 4,000 \\\text { Brad's profit } = \$ 23,000\end{array} \\\hline { \text { High price } } & \text { Angelina's profit } = \$ 25,000 & \text { Angelina's pro fit } = \$ 22,000 \\& \text { Brad's profit } = \$ 5,000 & \text { Brad's profit } = \$ 22,000 \\\hline\end{array}\end{array}$ -Refer to Table 17-12. Does Angelina have a dominant strategy? If so, describe it.

The essence of an oligopolistic market is that there are only a few sellers.

Table 17-6 Two home-improvement stores (Lopes and HomeMax) in a growing urban area are interested in expanding their market share. Both are interested in expanding the size of their store and parking lot to accommodate potential growth in their customer base. The following game depicts the strategic outcomes that result from the game. Increases in annual profits (in millions of dollars) of the two home-improvement stores are shown in the following figure. ​ -Refer to Table 17-6. If both stores follow a dominant strategy, HomeMax's annual profit will grow by

Game theory is just as necessary for understanding competitive or monopoly markets as it is for understanding oligopolistic markets.

Scenario 17-1 ​ Assume that a local restaurant sells two items, salads and steaks. The restaurant's only two customers on a particular day are Mr. Carnivore and Ms. Leafygreens. Mr. Carnivore is willing to pay $20 for a steak and $7 for a salad. Ms. Leafygreens is willing to pay only $8 for a steak, but is willing to pay $12 for a salad. Assume that the restaurant can provide each of these items at zero marginal cost. -Refer to Scenario 17-1. If the restaurant is unable to use tying, what is the profit-maximizing price to charge for a steak?

The Sherman Antitrust Act states that if a person can prove that he was damaged by an illegal arrangement to restrain trade, he could sue and recover three times the damages he sustained.

Table 17-5 The table shows the town of Driveaway's demand schedule for gasoline. Assume the town's gasoline seller(s) incurs a cost of $2 for each gallon sold, with no fixed cost. ​ ​ $\begin{array} { | c | c | c | } \hline \begin{array} { c } \text { Quantity } \\\text { (Gallons) }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Price } \\\text { (Dollars per gallon) }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Total Revenue } \\\text { (Dollars) }\end{array} \\\hline 0 & 8 & 0 \\\hline 50 & 7 & 350 \\\hline 100 & 6 & 600 \\\hline 150 & 5 & 750 \\\hline 200 & 4 & 800 \\\hline 250 & 3 & 750 \\\hline 300 & 2 & 600 \\\hline 350 & 1 & 350 \\\hline 400 & 0 & 0 \\\hline\end{array}$ -Refer to Table 17-5. If the market for gasoline in Driveaway is perfectly competitive, then the equilibrium price of gasoline is

In some games, the noncooperative equilibrium is bad for the players and bad for society.

In which of the following games is it clearly the case that the cooperative outcome of the game is good for the two players and bad for society?

Table 17-7 Two companies, Wonka and Gekko, each decide whether to produce a good quality product or a poor quality product. In the figure, the dollar amounts are payoffs and they represent annual profits (in millions of dollars) for the two companies. -Refer to Table 17-7. Wonka and Gekko agree to cooperate so as to maximize total profit. If this game is played repeatedly and Wonka uses a tit-for-tat strategy, it will choose a

Table 17-13 Suppose that Robert and Howard own the only two movie studios in California. Each producer must choose between a low budget and a high budget strategy for his next film. The economic profit from each strategy is indicated in the table below: Howard Low budget High budget -Refer to Table 17-13. Is there a Nash equilibrium? If so, describe it.

Which strategy was the most successful in the prisoners' dilemma tournament?

A central issue in the Microsoft antitrust lawsuit involved Microsoft's integration of its Internet browser into its Windows operating system, to be sold as one unit. This practice is known as

The story of the prisoners' dilemma contains a general lesson that applies to any group trying to maintain cooperation among its members.

When a group of firms acts in unison to maximize profits as if they were a monopoly, they form a __________.

When an oligopoly market reaches a Nash equilibrium,