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Scenario 16-1 Venya operates an ice cream shop in the center of Fairfield. He sells several unusual flavors of organic, homemade ice cream so he has a monopoly over his own ice cream, though he competes with many other firms selling ice cream in Fairfield for the same customers. Venya's demand and cost values for sales per day are given in the following table. (Everyone who purchases Venya's ice cream buys a double scoop cone because it's so delicious.) ​ ​ Scenario 16-1 Venya operates an ice cream shop in the center of Fairfield. He sells several unusual flavors of organic, homemade ice cream so he has a monopoly over his own ice cream, though he competes with many other firms selling ice cream in Fairfield for the same customers. Venya's demand and cost values for sales per day are given in the following table. (Everyone who purchases Venya's ice cream buys a double scoop cone because it's so delicious.)  ​ ​    ​ -Refer to Scenario 16-1. How much profit will Venya earn each day if he chooses the price and quantity that maximize his profit? A) $40.20 B) $228.00 C) $134.25 D) $242.81 ​ -Refer to Scenario 16-1. How much profit will Venya earn each day if he chooses the price and quantity that maximize his profit?


A) $40.20
B) $228.00
C) $134.25
D) $242.81

E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

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A firm that would experience higher average total cost by increasing production is operating with excess capacity.

A) True
B) False

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When a monopolistically competitive firm is in a long-run equilibrium, the values of marginal cost, average total cost, and price are all the same.

A) True
B) False

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When a profit-maximizing firm in a monopolistically competitive market charges a price higher than marginal cost,


A) the firm must be earning a positive economic profit.
B) the firm may be incurring economic losses
C) society benefits due to the firm's excess capacity.
D) new firms will enter the market in the long run.

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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In a small college town, four microbreweries have opened in the last two years. Demonstrate the effect of new market entrants on demand for existing firms (microbreweries) that already served this market. Assume that the local community now places a moratorium on new liquor licenses for microbreweries. How will this moratorium affect the long-run profitability of incumbent firms?

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The arrival of a new entrant should b...

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In both perfect competition and monopolistic competition, each firm


A) sells identical products.
B) faces a downward-sloping demand curve its product.
C) has no monopoly power.
D) can enter or exit the market freely.

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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Figure 16-2 This figure depicts a situation in a monopolistically competitive market. Figure 16-2 This figure depicts a situation in a monopolistically competitive market.   -Refer to Figure 16-2. Assuming the firm is maximizing profit, this firm is operating A) in the short run and earning a positive economic profit. B) in the short run and breaking even. C) in the long run and earning a positive economic profit. D) in the long run and incurring and economic loss. -Refer to Figure 16-2. Assuming the firm is maximizing profit, this firm is operating


A) in the short run and earning a positive economic profit.
B) in the short run and breaking even.
C) in the long run and earning a positive economic profit.
D) in the long run and incurring and economic loss.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Table 16-4 Beatrice's Birthday Cakes operates in a monopolistically competitive market, so it is one bakery among many in the market for birthday cakes. The following table presents cost and revenue data for birthday cakes at Beatrice's. ​ ​ Table 16-4 Beatrice's Birthday Cakes operates in a monopolistically competitive market, so it is one bakery among many in the market for birthday cakes. The following table presents cost and revenue data for birthday cakes at Beatrice's. ​ ​    ​ ​ -Refer to Table 16-4. Given the cost and revenue data, Beatrice's is A) not in a long-run equilibrium.More businesses will enter the bakery market in the long-run. B) not in a short-run equilibrium. C) not in a long-run equilibrium.Some businesses currently in the bakery market will exit the market in the long-run. D) in a long-run equilibrium. ​ ​ -Refer to Table 16-4. Given the cost and revenue data, Beatrice's is


A) not in a long-run equilibrium.More businesses will enter the bakery market in the long-run.
B) not in a short-run equilibrium.
C) not in a long-run equilibrium.Some businesses currently in the bakery market will exit the market in the long-run.
D) in a long-run equilibrium.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Figure 16-12 ​ Figure 16-12 ​   ​ -Refer to Figure 16-12. Which letter identifies the efficient level of output for this firm? ​ -Refer to Figure 16-12. Which letter identifies the efficient level of output for this firm?

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Figure 16-8 Figure 16-8   ​ -Refer to Figure 16-8. Which of the following best describes the profit-maximizing outcome for the firm depicted here? A) This firm is earning a short-run profit, but will earn zero profit in the long run. B) This firm is incurring a short-run loss, but will earn zero profit in the long run. C) This firm is earning zero profit in the short run, but will earn a positive profit in the long run. D) This firm is in long run equilibrium and will continue to earn zero profit. ​ -Refer to Figure 16-8. Which of the following best describes the profit-maximizing outcome for the firm depicted here?


A) This firm is earning a short-run profit, but will earn zero profit in the long run.
B) This firm is incurring a short-run loss, but will earn zero profit in the long run.
C) This firm is earning zero profit in the short run, but will earn a positive profit in the long run.
D) This firm is in long run equilibrium and will continue to earn zero profit.

E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

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The claim that advertising reduces the elasticity of demand is likely to be made by a defender of advertising.

A) True
B) False

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The product-variety externality states the benefits to consumers from the introduction of a new product.

A) True
B) False

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Firms in monopolistically competitive markets and monopolies can earn long-run profits due to barriers to entry.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following statements is correct?


A) Monopolistic competition is similar to monopoly because both market structures are characterized by firms being price makers rather than price takers.
B) Monopolistic competition is similar to perfect competition because both market structures are characterized by differentiated products.
C) Monopolistic competition is similar to oligopoly because both market structures are characterized by strategic interaction between firms in the market.
D) Monopolistic competition is similar to perfect competition because both market structures are characterized by perfectly elastic demand curves facing each firm.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Figure 16-3 Figure 16-3   -Refer to Figure 16-3. Assume the firm in the figure is currently producing 20 units of output and charging $925. The firm A) will increase its profits if it raises its price and reduces its production level. B) will increase its profits if it lowers its price and expands its production level. C) is maximizing profits. D) will increase its profits if it raises its price and expands its production level. -Refer to Figure 16-3. Assume the firm in the figure is currently producing 20 units of output and charging $925. The firm


A) will increase its profits if it raises its price and reduces its production level.
B) will increase its profits if it lowers its price and expands its production level.
C) is maximizing profits.
D) will increase its profits if it raises its price and expands its production level.

E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

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Figure 16-5 The figure is drawn for a monopolistically competitive firm. Figure 16-5 The figure is drawn for a monopolistically competitive firm.   -Refer to Figure 16-5. The quantity of output at which the MC and ATC curves cross is the A) efficient scale of the firm. B) short-run equilibrium quantity of output for the firm. C) long-run equilibrium quantity of output for the firm. D) profit-maximizing quantity. -Refer to Figure 16-5. The quantity of output at which the MC and ATC curves cross is the


A) efficient scale of the firm.
B) short-run equilibrium quantity of output for the firm.
C) long-run equilibrium quantity of output for the firm.
D) profit-maximizing quantity.

E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

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Scenario 16-1 Venya operates an ice cream shop in the center of Fairfield. He sells several unusual flavors of organic, homemade ice cream so he has a monopoly over his own ice cream, though he competes with many other firms selling ice cream in Fairfield for the same customers. Venya's demand and cost values for sales per day are given in the following table. (Everyone who purchases Venya's ice cream buys a double scoop cone because it's so delicious.) ​ ​ Scenario 16-1 Venya operates an ice cream shop in the center of Fairfield. He sells several unusual flavors of organic, homemade ice cream so he has a monopoly over his own ice cream, though he competes with many other firms selling ice cream in Fairfield for the same customers. Venya's demand and cost values for sales per day are given in the following table. (Everyone who purchases Venya's ice cream buys a double scoop cone because it's so delicious.)  ​ ​    ​ -Refer to Scenario 16-1. Which of the following statements best describes the long-run adjustment in this market? A) One or more ice cream shops in Fairfield closes, increasing the demand for Venya's ice cream.Venya's profits increase and he sustains positive profits in the long run. B) One or more ice cream shops in Fairfield closes, increasing the demand for Venya's ice cream.Venya's profits increase until he earns zero profit. C) One or more new ice cream shops in Fairfield opens and competes with Venya for customers, reducing the demand for Venya's ice cream.Venya's profits decline until he incurs losses and exits the industry. D) One or more new ice cream shops in Fairfield opens and competes with Venya for customers, reducing the demand for Venya's ice cream.Venya's profits decline until he earns zero profit. ​ -Refer to Scenario 16-1. Which of the following statements best describes the long-run adjustment in this market?


A) One or more ice cream shops in Fairfield closes, increasing the demand for Venya's ice cream.Venya's profits increase and he sustains positive profits in the long run.
B) One or more ice cream shops in Fairfield closes, increasing the demand for Venya's ice cream.Venya's profits increase until he earns zero profit.
C) One or more new ice cream shops in Fairfield opens and competes with Venya for customers, reducing the demand for Venya's ice cream.Venya's profits decline until he incurs losses and exits the industry.
D) One or more new ice cream shops in Fairfield opens and competes with Venya for customers, reducing the demand for Venya's ice cream.Venya's profits decline until he earns zero profit.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Figure 16-11 ​ Figure 16-11 ​   ​ -Refer to Figure 16-11. Use the letters to identify the area of total revenue for this firm. ​ -Refer to Figure 16-11. Use the letters to identify the area of total revenue for this firm.

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The breakfast cereal industry, with its concentration ratio of 80%, would best be described as


A) a perfectly competitive market.
B) a monopolistically competitive market.
C) an oligopoly.
D) a monopoly.

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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Scenario 16-4 Peter operates an ice cream shop in the center of Fairfield. He sells several unusual flavors of organic, homemade ice cream so he has a monopoly over his own ice cream, though he competes with many other firms selling ice cream in Fairfield for the same customers. Peter's demand and cost values for sales per day are given in the table below. (Everyone who purchases Peter's ice cream buys a double scoop cone because it's so delicious.)  Quantity  Price  MR  MC  ATC 20$5.60$5.20$2.20$2.0540$5.20$4.40$2.40$2.1060$4.80$3.60$2.60$2.1580$4.40$2.80$2.80$2.20100$4.00$2.00$3.00$2.25120$3.60$1.20$3.20$2.30140$3.20$0.40$3.40$2.35160$2.80$0.40$3.60$2.40180$2.40$1.20$3.80$2.45\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|l|}\hline \text { Quantity } & \text { Price } & \text { MR } & \text { MC } & \text { ATC } \\\hline 20 & \$ 5.60 & \$ 5.20 & \$ 2.20 & \$ 2.05 \\\hline 40 & \$ 5.20 & \$ 4.40 & \$ 2.40 & \$ 2.10 \\\hline 60 & \$ 4.80 & \$ 3.60 & \$ 2.60 & \$ 2.15 \\\hline 80 & \$ 4.40 & \$ 2.80 & \$ 2.80 & \$ 2.20 \\\hline 100 & \$ 4.00 & \$ 2.00 & \$ 3.00 & \$ 2.25 \\\hline 120 & \$ 3.60 & \$ 1.20 & \$ 3.20 & \$ 2.30 \\\hline 140 & \$ 3.20 & \$ 0.40 & \$ 3.40 & \$ 2.35 \\\hline 160 & \$ 2.80 & -\$ 0.40 & \$ 3.60 & \$ 2.40 \\\hline 180 & \$ 2.40 & -\$ 1.20 & \$ 3.80 & \$ 2.45 \\\hline\end{array} -Refer to Scenario 16-4. What is the maximum amount of profit that Peter can earn per day?

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