A) gastritis
B) duodenal ulcers
C) stomach ulcers
D) increased risk for stomach cancer
E) All of the choices are correct.
G) B) and E)
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A) High fever is present.
B) It invades the gut mucosa.
C) It makes no heat-labile or heat-stable exotoxins.
D) Blood and pus are found in the stool.
E) Prompt treatment with a broad-spectrum antibiotic is essential to recover from an infection.
G) None of the above
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A) Entamoeba histolytica
B) Ascaris lumbricoides
C) Cryptosporidium
D) Rotavirus
F) None of the above
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A) Appendix; accessory organ
B) Rectum; part of the digestive tube
C) Liver; part of the digestive tube
D) Salivary glands; accessory organ
E) Pharynx; part of the digestive tube
G) B) and D)
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A) Staphylococcus aureus is the most common cause of gastrointestinal disease.
B) Ham is notorious for being contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.
C) Only Staphylococcus aureus infection causes vomiting, along with cramps and diarrhea.
D) The toxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus was already in the ham, so the symptoms can occur quickly.
F) B) and C)
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A) broad-spectrum antimicrobials
B) water and electrolyte replacement
C) antitoxin
D) surgery
F) B) and C)
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A) It synthesizes shiga exotoxin from a bacteriophage.
B) It synthesizes shiga exotoxin from the E. coli chromosome.
C) It synthesizes shiga endotoxin from a bacteriophage.
D) It synthesizes shiga endotoxin from the E. coli chromosome.
F) A) and C)
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A) hepatitis B
B) Clostridium di?cile
C) shiga-toxin-producing E. coli
D) norovirus
E) cholera
G) A) and C)
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D
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A) are often transmitted by fecal contaminated water and food
B) include EIEC that destroys gut mucosa
C) involve enterotoxin in traveler's diarrhea
D) are self-limiting with the only treatment being rehydration
E) All of the choices are correct.
G) A) and D)
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A) freshwater snails release cercariae
B) helminth development occurs in the liver
C) encystment occurs on a freshwater plant
D) eggs are released from an infected human via the urine
F) A) and B)
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A) increased eosinophil count
B) eggs, larvae, or adult worms found in feces
C) increased sensitivity to helminth antigens
D) intense abdominal pain
E) vague nausea
G) A) and C)
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A) Norovirus
B) Hepatitis A virus
C) Clostridium difficile
D) Shigella
E) Giardia
G) None of the above
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A) is principally transmitted by blood
B) transmission risks include shared needles, anal intercourse, and heterosexual intercourse
C) is transmitted to newborns from chronic carrier mothers
D) has many chronic carriers
E) All of the choices are correct.
G) A) and D)
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A) Donors and recipients must be carefully matched to prevent an immune reaction in the recipient.
B) Fecal matter must be carefully disinfected and screened for viruses, cysts, and endospores before transfer to a recipient patient.
C) The goal is to completely eradicate Clostridium difficile from a patient's gut microbiota and replace it with a healthy community.
D) This treatment is designed to jump-start the intestinal microbiota after an infection with Clostridium difficile resuts in acute diarrhea.
F) All of the above
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A) consuming just a few cells of Salmonella will not result in illness
B) it is more pathogenic than 50% of all gut microbes
C) the most stringent decontamination measures must be used in food preparation facilities
D) an antibiotic dose of 50 μg/ml can be expected to kill the organism
F) B) and D)
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A
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A) Proglottids are reproductive segments.
B) The body is comprised of proglottids.
C) The scolex is the head.
D) They can produce a variety of toxins.
E) Cysticerci are young, infective larvae ingested in undercooked meat.
G) A) and B)
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A) Tissues along the migratory route of the helminth experience inflammation.
B) Praziquantel is the best treatment option for infection with these helminths.
C) All of these infections are associated with eosinophilia, which can be detected in a complete blood count.
D) Nearly all newborn puppies in the U.S. are infected with Toxocara species.
F) All of the above
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B
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A) It produces "rice-water" stools.
B) Infection is precipitated by broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy.
C) It is also called pseudomembranous colitis.
D) It is part of the normal intestinal biota.
E) It is a gram-positive, endospore-forming rod.
G) All of the above
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A) H antigen - flagellar
B) K antigen - capsule
C) O antigen - cell wall
D) All of the choices are correct matches.
F) B) and D)
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A) Cyclosporiasis
B) Toxoplasmosis
C) Cryptosporidiosis
D) Trichinosis
F) A) and B)
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