Question 1

Your son has not had the MMR vaccine (measles, mumps, rubella)  because you are apprehensive about vaccines and their side effects. Your sister says that you are setting him up for a potentially damaging scenario. Which argument has the great scienti?c validity and why?

Accepted Answer

A)   Your sister is correct in her warnings. If your son gets a severe case of mumps, he will likely develop a fatal secondary infection.
B)   You are correct in protecting your son. If you can keep him from getting mumps when young, it is no longer a problem. It is simply a childhood disease.
C)   Your sister is correct. Even if your son does not get the mumps now when he is young, but gets the infection later in life, there is a possibility of severe side effects.
D)   You are correct to be apprehensive because vaccines have been the cause of autism in children.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 2

Identify the mismatch in the following list of helminths and their common names.

Accepted Answer

A)   Taenia solium; pinworm
B)  Praziquantel.
C)  Host.
D)   Schistosoma mansoni; blood ﬂuke
E)   Opisthorchis sinensis; liver ﬂukeF) C) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 3

WASH initiatives are public health initiatives that address WAter, Sanitation, and Hygiene. Which of the following diseases would not be expected to show a decrease in prevalence following a successful WASH campaign?

Accepted Answer

A)   Shigella infection
B)   Clostridium di?cile infection
C)   Schistosomiasis
D)   Ascaris lumbricoides infection
E)   Entamoeba infectionF) A) and C)
G) B) and C)

Question 4

Oral bacteria on the tooth surface _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   develop a bioﬁlm
B)   use ﬁmbriae and slime layers to adhere
C)   metabolize sucrose, produce sticky glucans, and form plaque
D)   All of the choices are correct.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 5

GALT refers to _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue
B)   Gingival Adhesive Labile Toxin, a virulence factor for gingivitis
C)   sterile organs of the GI tract: Gingiva, Appendix, Large intestine, Tonsils
D)   defenses of the GI tract: Gut microbes, Adenoids, Lysozyme, TonsilsE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 6

Which of the following statements is incorrect about shigellosis?

Accepted Answer

A)   It frequently complicates to sepsis.
B)   Outbreaks have occurred in day care centers.
C)   Human carriers cause fecal transmission.
D)   Symptoms include watery diarrhea with bloody, mucoid stools and abdominal cramps.
E)   It is also called dysentery.F) C) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 7

Which of the following helminths is correctly paired with its portal of entry?

Accepted Answer

A)   Ascaris lumbricoides - enters through the skin
B)   Schistomoma species - carried by an insect vector into human
C)   Enterobius vermicularis - sexual transmission
D)   Taenia solium - eggs or larvae can be ingestedE) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 8

The virulence of Vibrio cholerae is due to its ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   invasive enzymes
B)   neurotoxin
C)   enterotoxin
D)   capsuleE) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 9

Most of the bacteria involved in periodontal disease are obligate (strict)  anaerobes. Explain why this is the case.

Accepted Answer

A)   The oral cavity is a low oxygen environment.
B)   Mouthwashes and toothpaste destroy most of the strict aerobes that are found on teeth.
C)   The crevice between the gingiva and the tooth is low in oxygen.
D)   Sugar and other carbohydrates used by the oral bacteria can be more easily consumed anaerobically.E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 10

Because of the complexity of the Schistosoma life cycle, there are several parts of the cycle that could be disrupted to halt the spread of the disease. Which of the following proposals is not likely to succeed in decreasing the prevalence of schistosomiasis?

Accepted Answer

A)   Monitor water bodies to detect the presence of infectious miracidia and enforce no bathing rules when they are present.
B)   Install sanitary sewage treatment facilities to prevent the dispersal of eggs present in urine and feces.
C)   Apply chemical molluscicides (chemicals targeted to molluscs like snails)  to bodies of fresh water.
D)   Identify a surface protein on Schistosoma miracidia that the immune system can recognize and create a vaccine using that antigen.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 11

Which of the following statements is incorrect about hepatitis A?

Accepted Answer

A)   The virus produces ﬂu-like symptoms with discomfort near the liver and darkened urine.
B)   Immune globulin therapy helps decrease the severity.
C)   It is transmitted by the oral-fecal route.
D)   An infection predisposes a person for liver cancer.
E)   Havrix is an inactivated vaccine for prevention.F) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 12

Enterobius vermicularis is _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   a whipworm
B)   common only to the tropics and subtropics
C)   an intestinal helminth that easily contaminates ?ngers and fomites
D)   often fatal in heavy infestations
E)   All of the choices are correct.F) None of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 13

Salmonella are ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   methane producers
B)   motile
C)   gram-positive bacilli
D)   lactose fermenters
E)   All of the choices are correct.F) A) and B)
G) None of the above

Question 14

The most dangerous outcome of a Taenia solium infection occurs when _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   cysticerci are ingested
B)   larvae enter the body through intact skin
C)   eggs are ingested
D)   larvae cross the placenta
E)   the host immune system fails to react against itF) A) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 15

Gingivitis _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   is primarily caused by normal anaerobic biota
B)   involves the formation of calculus and plaque
C)   involves a crevice in the gum along the tooth
D)   may involve archaeal species
E)   All of the choices are correct.F) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

Question 16

Which of the following attributes is not common to the life and transmission cycles of Opisthorchis sinensis, Clonorchis sinensis, and Fasciola hepatica?

Accepted Answer

A)   They are transmitted by consuming inadequately cooked ﬁsh.
B)   Fresh water snails are an intermediate host.
C)   Infection causes obstruction of the bile duct.
D)   Eggs are released in the feces.E) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 17

Boiling will not inactivate Giardia lamblia cysts in contaminated water.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Hepatitis B infection _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   can be transmitted by the fecal-oral route
B)   increases risk for hepatocellular cancer
C)   is responsible for most cases of post-transfusion hepatitis
D)   has an incubation of 2 to 3 weeksE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 19

Antibiotics are used to treat diarrhea caused by shiga toxin-producing E. coli.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Despite acidic conditions, some microorganisms have been found residing within the human stomach.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 22: Infectious Diseases Affecting the Gastrointestinal Tract

WASH initiatives are public health initiatives that address WAter, Sanitation, and Hygiene. Which of the following diseases would not be expected to show a decrease in prevalence following a successful WASH campaign?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Enterobius vermicularis is _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Oral bacteria on the tooth surface _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hepatitis B infection _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Your son has not had the MMR vaccine (measles, mumps, rubella) because you are apprehensive about vaccines and their side effects. Your sister says that you are setting him up for a potentially damaging scenario. Which argument has the great scienti?c validity and why?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is incorrect about hepatitis A?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

GALT refers to _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following attributes is not common to the life and transmission cycles of Opisthorchis sinensis, Clonorchis sinensis, and Fasciola hepatica?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The virulence of Vibrio cholerae is due to its ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Because of the complexity of the Schistosoma life cycle, there are several parts of the cycle that could be disrupted to halt the spread of the disease. Which of the following proposals is not likely to succeed in decreasing the prevalence of schistosomiasis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Salmonella are ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Boiling will not inactivate Giardia lamblia cysts in contaminated water.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Antibiotics are used to treat diarrhea caused by shiga toxin-producing E. coli.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following helminths is correctly paired with its portal of entry?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is incorrect about shigellosis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The most dangerous outcome of a Taenia solium infection occurs when _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Most of the bacteria involved in periodontal disease are obligate (strict) anaerobes. Explain why this is the case.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Gingivitis _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Identify the mismatch in the following list of helminths and their common names.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Despite acidic conditions, some microorganisms have been found residing within the human stomach.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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