Question 1

The most dangerous outcome of a Taenia solium infection occurs when humans ingest tapeworm eggs rather than cysticerci. This type of transmission occurs by _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   consuming plants that haven't been thoroughly washed of soil
B)   drinking water contaminated with feces from infected animals
C)   consuming undercooked pork with encysted Taenia
D)   consuming "chitlins," pig intestines from an infected animalE) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 2

The most deﬁnitive test to diagnose a helminth infection is _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   an ova and parasite smear for microscopy
B)   a serological test for the presence of anti-helminthic antibodies
C)   a blood cell count to look for elevated levels of eosinophils
D)   a good medical history of the patient, including recent foreign travelE) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 3

Enterotoxin production is a characteristic of ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   Clostridium botulinum
B)   Clostridium perfringens
C)   Clostridium tetani
D)   Clostridium diﬃcileE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 4

Which of the following statements regarding Clostridium diﬃcile infection is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A)   It is due to ingestion of contaminated, improperly stored, cooked meats and gravies.
B)   It is a colitis that is a superinfection.
C)   It is the major cause of diarrhea in hospitals.
D)   It is associated with disruption of normal biota due to broad-spectrum antimicrobials.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 5

The primary viral cause of chronic diarrhea globally is ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   rotavirus
B)   Cryptosporidium
C)   adenovirus
D)   norovirus
E)   arbovirusF) A) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 6

Which of the following groups of microorganisms is not found among the normal gut microbiota?

Accepted Answer

A)   Firmicutes (Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Clostridium, Bacillus) 
B)   Protozoa (Entamoeba, Trichomonas) 
C)   Spirilla (Leptospira, Borrelia) 
D)   Fungi (Candida) 
E)   Enterics (Escherichia, Enterobacter) F) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 7

Which of the following is not true of schistosomiasis?

Accepted Answer

A)   Larvae called cercariae can penetrate intact skin through hair follicles.
B)   Freshwater snails are the intermediate host.
C)   Schistosomiasis is caused by blood ?ukes.
D)   Schistosomiasis covers its outer surface with blood proteins to escape detection by the immune system.
E)   Schisotosomiasis cases are beginning to appear in the southern U.S., as climate change brings warming waters to the region.F) None of the above
G) B) and D)

Question 8

A metagenomic study from a never-before-seen type of gingival infection indicates the presence of large numbers of archaea. Which of the following would be a good practice to isolate this organism?

Accepted Answer

A)   Adjust the pH of the medium to below 5.
B)   Incubate the isolation medium at about 90°C.
C)   Incubate the isolation medium adjacent to a bright full-spectrum light.
D)   Use an anaerobic medium and incubate in a sealed container.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 9

The causative organism for mumps is ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   Corynebacterium diphtheriae
B)   Morbillivirus
C)   Vibrio cholerae
D)   Paramyxovirus
E)   Streptococcus pyogenesF) A) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 10

Both Taenia and Trichinella can be found as cysts embedded in pork muscle. Which of the following statements about these organisms is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A)   Both helminths can exit the digestive system and migrate to other tissues.
B)   Both organisms release eggs in the feces to propagate the helminth.
C)   For both organisms, cyst envelopes are digested in the stomach, releasing the larvae to the intestine.
D)   Only Taenia can be transmitted from one human to another.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

Carriers of Hepatitis B virus are not common.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) causes gut effacement with shiga toxin.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Which of the following statements regarding Campylobacter infection is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A)   Campylobacter burrows into the mucosa of the ileum and multiplies.
B)   It can cause acute temporary paralysis.
C)   It can lead to Guillain-Barre syndrome.
D)   It can last over 2 weeks.
E)   It is caused by a shiga toxin.F) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 14

Which of the following statements comparing Enterobius vermicularis and Diphyllobothrium latum is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A)   Symptoms of both infections are mild.
B)  E. vermicularis is best treated with mebendazole, whereas D. latum is susceptible to praziquantel.
C)   D. latum has ﬁsh as an intermediate host, whereas E. vermicularis has no intermediate host.
D)   Both helminths affect primarily children.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 15

Vibrio cholerae can be readily isolated and identiﬁed in the laboratory from stool samples by _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   its ability to grow at high temperature and produce zones of clearing on blood agar
B)   its robust chemotactic response to the presence of chitin
C)   growth on selective media followed by PCR of its 16S rRNA gene
D)   dark-ﬁeld microscopy looking for motilityE) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 16

Pathogenicity islands are _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   enzymes like proteases and hemolysins that promote pathogenesis
B)   closely related groups of pathogenic enteric organisms
C)   a lymphoid tissue present in the small intestine
D)   gene clusters that confer the ability to become pathogenicE) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 17

Shiga toxin-producing E. coli characteristics include all of the following except that it _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   causes a bloody diarrhea
B)   only causes occupational illness in people who work with animals
C)   is transmitted by ingestion of contaminated, undercooked food, especially hamburger
D)   in some cases, leads to the development of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)  with possible kidney failure
E)   has a reservoir inside of cattle intestinesF) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 18

The best treatment for acute diarrhea is oral replacement of electrolytes and water.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

"Rice-water stools" are associated with disease caused by which organism?

Accepted Answer

A)   Campylobacter jejuni
B)   Vibrio parahaemolyticus
C)   Vibrio cholerae
D)   Helicobacter pylori
E)   Vibrio vulniﬁcusF) A) and C)
G) A) and D)

Question 20

In the absence of dietary carbohydrates, bacteria do not cause tooth decay.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 22: Infectious Diseases Affecting the Gastrointestinal Tract

Which of the following statements regarding Clostridium diﬃcile infection is incorrect?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following groups of microorganisms is not found among the normal gut microbiota?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Vibrio cholerae can be readily isolated and identiﬁed in the laboratory from stool samples by _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The primary viral cause of chronic diarrhea globally is ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The causative organism for mumps is ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not true of schistosomiasis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) causes gut effacement with shiga toxin.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Both Taenia and Trichinella can be found as cysts embedded in pork muscle. Which of the following statements about these organisms is incorrect?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The most dangerous outcome of a Taenia solium infection occurs when humans ingest tapeworm eggs rather than cysticerci. This type of transmission occurs by _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Carriers of Hepatitis B virus are not common.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements regarding Campylobacter infection is incorrect?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A metagenomic study from a never-before-seen type of gingival infection indicates the presence of large numbers of archaea. Which of the following would be a good practice to isolate this organism?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Shiga toxin-producing E. coli characteristics include all of the following except that it _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Enterotoxin production is a characteristic of ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The most deﬁnitive test to diagnose a helminth infection is _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Pathogenicity islands are _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements comparing Enterobius vermicularis and Diphyllobothrium latum is incorrect?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

"Rice-water stools" are associated with disease caused by which organism?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the absence of dietary carbohydrates, bacteria do not cause tooth decay.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The best treatment for acute diarrhea is oral replacement of electrolytes and water.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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