Question 1

Organisms other than bacteria make up the microbiota; non-bacterial microbes that occupy the respiratory tract include ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   Pseudomonas
B)   Candida
C)   Prevotella
D)   Acinetobacter
E)   StaphylococcusF) B) and E)
G) D) and E)

Question 2

Which of the following pertains to diphtheria?

Accepted Answer

A)   Results in meningitis
B)   Symptoms include vomiting and diarrhea
C)   Can be transmitted from mother's birth canal to neonate
D)   Prevented by the DTaP immunizationE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

Inﬂuenza viruses A and B contain eight RNA strands and inﬂuenza virus C has seven strands. During antigenic drift, genes coding for glycoproteins recognized by the host immune system are mutated,
Whereas during antigenic shift, whole RNA strands can be swapped with those of another inﬂuenza
Virus, greatly increasing the virulence and transmissibility of the virus and minimizing the ability of
The host's defenses to recognize it. Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)   Genetic drift creates a need for an annual ﬂu vaccine to keep up with the seasonal genetic changes, and if genetic shift occurs, an additional vaccine will have to be administeredSince the shift creates a different strain of virus.
B)   Genetic drift creates a need for an annual ﬂu vaccine to keep up with the seasonal genetic changes, and if a genetic shift occurs, the same vaccine will be effective against bothStrains.
C)   If a novel strain resulting from antigenic shift appears, it is not necessary to get vaccinated because these strains are typically less pathogenic than seasonal strains.
D)   The worst inﬂuenza pandemics throughout history have occurred as a result of genetic drift rather than genetic shift.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 4

Inﬂuenza vaccines include all of the following except _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   inactivated, intramuscular vaccine
B)   usually incorporates three or four different strains
C)   attenuated, nasal drops vaccine
D)   provides lifelong immunity
E)   has an overall effectiveness of 70% - 90%F) B) and C)
G) A) and D)

Question 5

The tubercles formed in primary tuberculosis are caused by an inﬂux of ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   neutrophils
B)   basophils
C)   mononuclear cells
D)   polymorphonuclear leukocytes
E)   antibodiesF) None of the above
G) D) and E)

Question 6

The causative organism of whooping cough is ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   Bordetella pertussis
B)   Streptococcus pneumoniae
C)   Haemophilus inﬂuenzae
D)   Streptococcus pyogenes
E)   Cornyebacterium diphtheriaeF) None of the above
G) A) and D)

Question 7

Hantavirus is transmitted by which of the following ways?

Accepted Answer

A)   Aerosolized droplets from human to human
B)   Directly from the saliva of a deer mouse after being bitten
C)   From a mosquito that ?rst bites a deer mouse, and then bites a human
D)   Aerosolized particles of deer mouse feces, urine, or saliva
E)   Via the oral-fecal route when deer mouse feces contaminate drinking waterF) A) and E)
G) None of the above

Question 8

Which is incorrect about histoplasmosis?

Accepted Answer

A)   The pathogen grows inside macrophages.
B)   It is transmitted by inhalation of spores.
C)   It causes respiratory infections that range from mild to severe.
D)   Chronic cases have symptoms similar to tuberculosis.
E)   It never spreads to sites outside the respiratory tract.F) All of the above
G) A) and D)

Question 9

Diphtheria is considered to be an upper respiratory tract infection. However, it can have a very high mortality rate if not caught early and treated. Predict why this is so.

Accepted Answer

A)   It makes a toxin that can be carried in blood and produce organ damage, particularly the heart.
B)   It successfully hides from the immune system of the patient.
C)   The patient cannot eat or drink and so basically starves to death.
D)   The bacterium moves from the throat to the brain, causing strokes to occur.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 10

Which of the following does not describe S. pyogenes?

Accepted Answer

A)   Group A streptococcus
B)   Gram-positive
C)   Forms endospores
D)   Sensitive to bacitracin
E)   Beta-hemolyticF) None of the above
G) B) and E)

Question 11

Drug-resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae are now treated with ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   penicillin V
B)   eryrthromycin
C)   tetracyline
D)   vancomycin
E)   KetekF) B) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 12

Cold viruses are transmitted by _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   droplet contact
B)   indirect contact
C)   direct contact
D)   All of the choices are correct.E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 13

Both Streptococcus pyogenes and Corynebacterium diphtheriae are highly pathogenic, and the disease symptomology can be very severe. Why is this?

Accepted Answer

A)   Infants and children are the high-risk groups, and their mortality rate is higher than for other ages.
B)   Both bacteria produce potent exotoxins.
C)   They induce autoimmune states in the patients.
D)   There are no antibiotics useful for diseases caused by these bacteria.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 14

A factor in the development of multidrug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is that _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   multiple antibiotics must be taken in the daily regimen
B)   the daily multidrug regimen lasts up to nine months
C)   many TB patients live in less-than ideal circumstances
D)   All of these choices contribute to the development of resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 15

Otitis media is commonly treated with broad spectrum antibiotics, although there is a lot of push- back or pressure against doing this. Why are these drugs given for this condition?

Accepted Answer

A)   No other kinds of drugs and antibiotics can kill the bacteria causing otitis media other than the broad-spectrum class of drugs.
B)   The narrow-spectrum drugs are very toxic as opposed to the rather benign broad- spectrum ones.
C)   Otitis media is often caused by a variety of bacteria growing together in a bioﬁlm, and the bacteria often exhibit different susceptibilities to drugs.
D)   Fungi are the most common cause of otitis media, and the fungi do not respond well to the narrow-spectrum drugs.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 16

Formation of a pseudomembrane in the back of the throat is seen in cases of _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   diphtheria
B)   pharyngitis
C)   tuberculosis
D)   pertussis
E)   SARSF) B) and C)
G) C) and D)

Question 17

Symptoms of inﬂuenza include _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   nasal discharge, mild fever, and absence of cough
B)   fever, diarrhea, and vomiting
C)   fever, myalgia, sore throat, cough, and nasal discharge
D)   fever, sore throat, rash, and cough
E)   fever and pneumoniaF) B) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 18

Infection travels to the middle ear by way of the ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   auditory canal
B)   sinuses
C)   nasal cavity
D)   eustachian (auditory)  tubes
E)   subarachnoid spaceF) B) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 19

People at greatest risk for pneumococcal infections include all the following except _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   the elderly
B)   those with underlying lung disease and viral infections
C)   patients without a spleen
D)   adolescents and young adults
E)   young infantsF) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 20

Which of the following is not part of the upper respiratory tract?

Accepted Answer

A)   Mouth
B)   Nasal cavity
C)   Trachea
D)   Pharynx
E)   LarynxF) None of the above
G) B) and D)

Exam 21: Infectious Diseases Affecting the Respiratory System

Infection travels to the middle ear by way of the ______.

Correct Answer
verified

The causative organism of whooping cough is ______.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following pertains to diphtheria?

Correct Answer
verified

The tubercles formed in primary tuberculosis are caused by an inﬂux of ______.

Correct Answer
verified

Otitis media is commonly treated with broad spectrum antibiotics, although there is a lot of push- back or pressure against doing this. Why are these drugs given for this condition?

Correct Answer
verified

Cold viruses are transmitted by _______.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following does not describe S. pyogenes?

Correct Answer
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Which of the following is not part of the upper respiratory tract?

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Which is incorrect about histoplasmosis?

Correct Answer
verified

Symptoms of inﬂuenza include _______.

Correct Answer
verified

Formation of a pseudomembrane in the back of the throat is seen in cases of _______.

Correct Answer
verified

Inﬂuenza vaccines include all of the following except _______.

Correct Answer
verified

People at greatest risk for pneumococcal infections include all the following except _______.

Correct Answer
verified

Drug-resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae are now treated with ______.

Correct Answer
verified

Hantavirus is transmitted by which of the following ways?

Correct Answer
verified

Organisms other than bacteria make up the microbiota; non-bacterial microbes that occupy the respiratory tract include ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Both Streptococcus pyogenes and Corynebacterium diphtheriae are highly pathogenic, and the disease symptomology can be very severe. Why is this?

Correct Answer
verified

Diphtheria is considered to be an upper respiratory tract infection. However, it can have a very high mortality rate if not caught early and treated. Predict why this is so.

Correct Answer
verified

A factor in the development of multidrug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is that _______.

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 21: Infectious Diseases Affecting the Respiratory System

Infection travels to the middle ear by way of the ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The causative organism of whooping cough is ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following pertains to diphtheria?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The tubercles formed in primary tuberculosis are caused by an inﬂux of ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Otitis media is commonly treated with broad spectrum antibiotics, although there is a lot of push- back or pressure against doing this. Why are these drugs given for this condition?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cold viruses are transmitted by _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following does not describe S. pyogenes?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not part of the upper respiratory tract?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which is incorrect about histoplasmosis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Symptoms of inﬂuenza include _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Formation of a pseudomembrane in the back of the throat is seen in cases of _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Inﬂuenza vaccines include all of the following except _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People at greatest risk for pneumococcal infections include all the following except _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Drug-resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae are now treated with ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hantavirus is transmitted by which of the following ways?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Organisms other than bacteria make up the microbiota; non-bacterial microbes that occupy the respiratory tract include ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Both Streptococcus pyogenes and Corynebacterium diphtheriae are highly pathogenic, and the disease symptomology can be very severe. Why is this?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Diphtheria is considered to be an upper respiratory tract infection. However, it can have a very high mortality rate if not caught early and treated. Predict why this is so.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A factor in the development of multidrug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is that _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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