Question 1

Which of the following is a characteristic of Histoplasma capsulatum?

Accepted Answer

A)   It grows in moist soil, rich in nitrogen from bird and bat droppings.
B)   It is a protozoan.
C)   It is a dermatophyte.
D)   It grows in dry, arid soil.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 2

What features of the respiratory system protect it from infection?

Accepted Answer

A)   Nasal hairs
B)   Cilia
C)   Mucus
D)   Macrophages
E)   All of the choices are correct.F) None of the above
G) A) and C)

Question 3

Which of the following statements is not true regarding streptococcal pharyngitis?

Accepted Answer

A)   It presents with a purulent exudate over the tonsils.
B)   It can lead to scarlet fever if it is an erythrogenic toxin-producing strain.
C)   It can lead to serious sequelae.
D)   It is usually caused by the viridans streptococci.
E)   It causes redness, diﬃculty in swallowing, and fever.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 4

Pertussis has all of the following characteristics except _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   the pathogen has virulence factors to destroy the action of respiratory cilia
B)   the catarrhal stage has persistent, hacking coughs with "whoops"
C)   the early stage resembles a cold with nasal discharge and sneezing
D)   DTaP immunization will prevent it
E)   transmission is by respiratory dropletsF) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 5

Differentiate between disease caused by Haemophilus inﬂuenzae and the disease caused by inﬂuenza virus.

Accepted Answer

A)   One causes an upper respiratory disease, and the other causes a lower respiratory disease.
B)   One causes a mild ﬂu, and the other causes a severe ﬂu.
C)   One organism is a virus while the other is a fungus.
D)   One organism causes symptomatic disease, while the other organism always causes asymptomatic disease.E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 6

Hantavirus has all of the following characteristics except _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   the reservoir is human carriers
B)   it is a zoonosis
C)   symptoms are abrupt fever, lung edema, respiratory distress, and hypotension
D)   it is transmitted by aerosol transmission from rodent excreta
E)   the ﬁrst U.S. outbreak occurred in 1993 in the southwestF) A) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 7

Streptococcus pneumoniae is _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   alpha-hemolytic on blood agar
B)   found in up to 50% of people as normal biota
C)   a gram-positive diplococcus with a capsule
D)   a pathogen with endotoxin
E)   All of the choices are correct.F) D) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 8

The enzyme associated with the inﬂuenza virus that hydrolyzes the protective mucous coating of the respiratory tract is ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   catalase
B)   reverse transcriptase
C)   hyaluronidase
D)   neuraminidase
E)   kinaseF) B) and D)
G) C) and E)

Question 9

In?uenza virus can exhibit constant mutation of viral glycoproteins, called antigenic ________, or alternatively antigenic ________, which is a more serious phenomenon caused by the exchange of a viral gene with that of another in?uenza virus strain.

Accepted Answer

A)   drift; exchange
B)   exchange; drift
C)   drift; shift
D)   shift; driftE) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 10

Which of the following is true about sinusitis caused by allergy?

Accepted Answer

A)   Produces a greenish or yellowish mucous discharge
B)   Caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae
C)   Usually introduced by trauma
D)   Produces a clear, watery discharge
E)   Preceded by viral rhinitisF) B) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 11

Tuberculin skin testing _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   involves the injection of PPD intradermally
B)   uses a puriﬁed protein ﬁltrate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
C)   will be positive if person has had previous exposure
D)   will be positive in active TB
E)   All of the choices are correct.F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Question 12

The difference between MDR-TB and XDR-TB is that _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   XDR-TB is predominantly seen in the USA whereas MDR-TB is common in India and China
B)   MDR-TB exhibits resistance to isoniazid and rifampin whereas XDR-TB strains are resistant to bedaquiline
C)   MDR-TB strains have a higher mortality rate than XDR-TB strains
D)   MDR-TB strains are classiﬁed as having resistance to two antibiotics, whereas XDR-TB strains are classiﬁed when they are resistant to four antibioticsE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 13

Which disease involves transmission by aerosolized water from whirlpool spas, air conditioners, cooling towers, and supermarket vegetable misters?

Accepted Answer

A)   Legionellosis
B)   Pertussis
C)   Brucellosis
D)   Plague
E)   Traveler's diarrheaF) None of the above
G) All of the above

Question 14

Untreated streptococcal pharyngitis can lead to all of the following except _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   scarlet fever
B)   otitis media
C)   rheumatic fever
D)   glomerulonephritisE) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 15

Pneumonias have different signs and symptoms depending on whether they are classi?ed as CAP or HCAP.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Legionella pneumophila _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   requires special lab growth media
B)   often lives intracellularly in amoebas
C)   causes fever, cough, and diarrhea
D)   always causes a severe pneumoniaE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 17

Virulence factors of S. pyogenes include _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   polysaccharides on the cell wall
B)   lipoteichoic acid
C)   spiky M proteins
D)   hyaluronic acid capsule
E)   All of the choices are correct.F) B) and C)
G) B) and D)

Question 18

People who have received the BCG immunization will generally have a negative tuberculin skin test.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Pertussis has been making a big comeback in the last few years, after being on the decline for quite a long time. Why is this?

Accepted Answer

A)   Few people have ever received pertussis vaccines because there have been links to autism.
B)   The strain of Bordetella pertussis that is now the major cause of pertussis is much more virulent than earlier strains.
C)   The pertussis vaccine does not seem to protect for a lifetime, so those who received the vaccine as kids may become susceptible in adulthood.
D)   People eat so much reﬁned sugars and starches that our immune systems are much weaker, thereby not being able to adequately protect against pertussis bacteria.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 20

Which of the following statements is false regarding RSV?

Accepted Answer

A)   While RSV is most prevalent in infants 6 months of age and younger, the highest mortality rate is in those children with underlying risk factors such as prematurity.
B)   Infants aged 6 months and younger are the most susceptible to infection by RSV; however, adults and older children can also become infected with this virus.
C)   RSV infects infants aged 6 months and younger; it is unlikely that a 4-year-old would develop a respiratory disease as a result of this virus.
D)   Although RSV is most prevalent in infants aged 6 months and younger, usually by age 2 most children have been exposed to this virus.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Exam 21: Infectious Diseases Affecting the Respiratory System

Which of the following is true about sinusitis caused by allergy?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Streptococcus pneumoniae is _______.

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The difference between MDR-TB and XDR-TB is that _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Virulence factors of S. pyogenes include _______.

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Tuberculin skin testing _______.

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Pertussis has been making a big comeback in the last few years, after being on the decline for quite a long time. Why is this?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Pneumonias have different signs and symptoms depending on whether they are classi?ed as CAP or HCAP.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In?uenza virus can exhibit constant mutation of viral glycoproteins, called antigenic ________, or alternatively antigenic ________, which is a more serious phenomenon caused by the exchange of a viral gene with that of another in?uenza virus strain.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a characteristic of Histoplasma capsulatum?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People who have received the BCG immunization will generally have a negative tuberculin skin test.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Untreated streptococcal pharyngitis can lead to all of the following except _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hantavirus has all of the following characteristics except _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Pertussis has all of the following characteristics except _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Legionella pneumophila _______.

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Differentiate between disease caused by Haemophilus inﬂuenzae and the disease caused by inﬂuenza virus.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The enzyme associated with the inﬂuenza virus that hydrolyzes the protective mucous coating of the respiratory tract is ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What features of the respiratory system protect it from infection?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is not true regarding streptococcal pharyngitis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is false regarding RSV?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which disease involves transmission by aerosolized water from whirlpool spas, air conditioners, cooling towers, and supermarket vegetable misters?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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In?uenza virus can exhibit constant mutation of viral glycoproteins, called antigenic , or alternatively antigenic , which is a more serious phenomenon caused by the exchange of a viral gene with that of another in?uenza virus strain.

Correct Answer
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