Question 1

The bright red rash and fever of scarlet fever is due to _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   enterotoxins
B)   hemolysins
C)   toxic shock syndrome toxin
D)   exfoliative toxin
E)   erythrogenic toxinF) None of the above
G) B) and E)

Question 2

What is the function of normal biota of the respiratory tract?

Accepted Answer

A)   Competes with pathogens for resources and space
B)   Microbial antagonism
C)   Provides antibodies
D)   Both competes with pathogens for resources and space / microbial antagonism are correct.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 3

When the centers of tubercles break down into _____ lesions, they gradually heal by calci?cation that replaces normal lung tissue.

Accepted Answer

A)   primary
B)   secondary
C)   necrotic caseous
D)   granuloma
E)   tertiaryF) C) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 4

Respiratory syncytial virus is a major cause of global respiratory infection outbreaks in infants 6 months of age or younger.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Rheumatic fever is caused by a/an ______ infection.

Accepted Answer

A)   primary streptococcal
B)   primary viral
C)   opportunistic streptococcal
D)   endogenousE) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 6

Which of the following is not part of the lower respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

A)   Alveoli
B)   Bronchi
C)   Bronchioles
D)   Trachea
E)   SinusesF) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 7

Which opportunist is the most frequent cause of life-threatening pneumonia in AIDS patients?

Accepted Answer

A)   Cryptococcus neoformans
B)   Candida albicans
C)   Malassezia furfur
D)   Pneumocystis (carinii)  jiroveciE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 8

Your dog has ?u caused by an H?N8 strain. Assume that you breathe in this strain, after you have already come in contact with an H1N1 strain. Both viruses go into the cells of your upper respiratory tract. During the viral replication cycle inside of your epithelial cells, genetic information for hemagglutinin antigen and for neuraminidase antigen are recombined. Your cells end up producing a new variant---H?N1. Predict what might happen as a result of this set of events.

Accepted Answer

A)   Only people who have never had ?u before will get sick from the new H?N1 variant.
B)   This is not a problem because the human immune system can respond quickly to any new antigens never seen before.
C)   This novel virus will spread through the human population without much resistance.
D)   Since this new virus has antigens from a dog strain, the new strain will not be able to infect human cells.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 9

Secondary bacterial infections may occur with the common cold.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The highest incidence of histoplasmosis in the United States occurs in the ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   southeast
B)   southwest
C)   east and Midwest
D)   northeast
E)   Rocky MountainsF) A) and B)
G) D) and E)

Question 11

Annual inﬂuenza vaccinations are important for all individuals because _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   the virus is stable so once the vaccine is administered, protection from antibodies is lifelong
B)   the vaccine prevents secondary infections in individuals with inﬂuenza
C)   the oral-fecal transmission route makes it easy to pass to others
D)   the highly contagious nature of the virus means that transmission from a robust individual to those with a weaker immune system, such as the young or the elderly, is facilitated inE) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 12

Respiratory syncytial virus _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   causes serious disease in infants 6 months old or younger
B)   uses the nasopharynx as its main replication site
C)   can be treated with the antiviral aerosol ribavirin
D)   has symptoms of dyspnea and rales
E)   All of the choices are correct.F) D) and E)
G) B) and E)

Question 13

Your patient has pneumonia. Since there are so many microorganisms causing pneumonia, what might be the best test to do ﬁrst for identiﬁcation of the agent?

Accepted Answer

A)   An antibody test
B)   A culture from a lung aspirate
C)   A skin test
D)   A Gram stain of a saliva specimenE) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 14

An induration of less than 5mm in the Mantoux test is negative for TB.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The high mortality rate for patients with MDR-TB and XDR-TB is due in part because of the severe side effects from the daily multidrug regimen and the stimulation of a strong cell-mediated immune response.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

The major virulence factor of Corynebacterium diphtheriae that causes serious systemic effects is its ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   capsule
B)   metachromatic granules
C)   exotoxin
D)   endospores
E)   endotoxinF) A) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 17

Legionellosis is a zoonosis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The most common mode of transmission for sinusitis is _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   exotoxin
B)   direct contact
C)   indirect contact
D)   endogenous infection
E)   droplet contactF) None of the above
G) B) and C)

Question 19

The difference between CAP and HCAP is that _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   CAP symptoms include nausea and vomiting whereas HCAP involves the upper respiratory tract only
B)   CAP may be caused by a variety of pathogens including Streptococcus pneumoniae, as well as viruses and mycoplasmas, whereas HCAP is predominantly caused by methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
C)   CAP has a higher mortality rate that HCAP because the causative organisms are more pathogenic
D)   CAP is caused by gram-positive bacteria whereas HCAP is caused by gram-negative bacteriaE) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 20

Which of the following causes a noncommunicable pulmonary infection that resembles tuberculosis?

Accepted Answer

A)   Mycobacterium avium complex (MA
C)  
B)   Mycobacterium kansasii
C)   Mycobacterium scrofulaceum
D)   Mycobacterium fortuitum complex
E)   Mycobacterium marinumF) None of the above
G) A) and B)

Exam 21: Infectious Diseases Affecting the Respiratory System

Which of the following is not part of the lower respiratory system?

Correct Answer
verified

The major virulence factor of Corynebacterium diphtheriae that causes serious systemic effects is its ______.

Correct Answer
verified

The most common mode of transmission for sinusitis is _______.

Correct Answer
verified

Rheumatic fever is caused by a/an ______ infection.

Correct Answer
verified

Respiratory syncytial virus _______.

Correct Answer
verified

Legionellosis is a zoonosis.

Correct Answer
verified

The bright red rash and fever of scarlet fever is due to _______.

Correct Answer
verified

Annual inﬂuenza vaccinations are important for all individuals because _______.

Correct Answer
verified

The highest incidence of histoplasmosis in the United States occurs in the ______.

Correct Answer
verified

Your patient has pneumonia. Since there are so many microorganisms causing pneumonia, what might be the best test to do ﬁrst for identiﬁcation of the agent?

Correct Answer
verified

Respiratory syncytial virus is a major cause of global respiratory infection outbreaks in infants 6 months of age or younger.

Correct Answer
verified

An induration of less than 5mm in the Mantoux test is negative for TB.

Correct Answer
verified

The difference between CAP and HCAP is that _______.

Correct Answer
verified

Which opportunist is the most frequent cause of life-threatening pneumonia in AIDS patients?

Correct Answer
verified

What is the function of normal biota of the respiratory tract?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following causes a noncommunicable pulmonary infection that resembles tuberculosis?

Correct Answer
verified

When the centers of tubercles break down into _____ lesions, they gradually heal by calci?cation that replaces normal lung tissue.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

The high mortality rate for patients with MDR-TB and XDR-TB is due in part because of the severe side effects from the daily multidrug regimen and the stimulation of a strong cell-mediated immune response.

Correct Answer
verified

Secondary bacterial infections may occur with the common cold.

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 21: Infectious Diseases Affecting the Respiratory System

Which of the following is not part of the lower respiratory system?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The major virulence factor of Corynebacterium diphtheriae that causes serious systemic effects is its ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The most common mode of transmission for sinusitis is _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Rheumatic fever is caused by a/an ______ infection.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Respiratory syncytial virus _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Legionellosis is a zoonosis.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The bright red rash and fever of scarlet fever is due to _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Annual inﬂuenza vaccinations are important for all individuals because _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The highest incidence of histoplasmosis in the United States occurs in the ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Your patient has pneumonia. Since there are so many microorganisms causing pneumonia, what might be the best test to do ﬁrst for identiﬁcation of the agent?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Respiratory syncytial virus is a major cause of global respiratory infection outbreaks in infants 6 months of age or younger.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An induration of less than 5mm in the Mantoux test is negative for TB.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The difference between CAP and HCAP is that _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which opportunist is the most frequent cause of life-threatening pneumonia in AIDS patients?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the function of normal biota of the respiratory tract?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following causes a noncommunicable pulmonary infection that resembles tuberculosis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When the centers of tubercles break down into _____ lesions, they gradually heal by calci?cation that replaces normal lung tissue.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The high mortality rate for patients with MDR-TB and XDR-TB is due in part because of the severe side effects from the daily multidrug regimen and the stimulation of a strong cell-mediated immune response.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Secondary bacterial infections may occur with the common cold.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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