Question 1

The terms pathogenicity and virulence can be used synonymously because they both refer to an organism's ability to cause disease.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Based on new information from the Human Microbiome Project, the human body typically begins to be colonized by its normal biota _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   before birth, in utero
B)   during and immediately after birth
C)   when a child ﬁrst goes to school
D)   when an infant gets its ﬁrst infectious disease
E)   during pubertyF) All of the above
G) A) and C)

Question 3

Animals that participate in the life cycles of pathogens and transmit pathogens from host to host are ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   fomites
B)   aerosols
C)   mechanical vectors
D)   droplet nuclei
E)   biological vectorsF) A) and D)
G) C) and E)

Question 4

For a successful emergence or re-emergence to occur, a pathogen must be introduced into a vulnerable population and have the ability to spread readily from person-to-person causing disease.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The effect of beneﬁcial microbes of normal biota against invading microbes is called ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   microbial antagonism
B)   endogenous infection
C)   infectious disease
D)   axenic
E)   gnotobiotismF) All of the above
G) D) and E)

Question 6

Carriers that shed and transmit pathogens while they are recovering from an infectious disease are called ______ carriers.

Accepted Answer

A)   asymptomatic
B)   passive
C)   incubation
D)   chronic
E)   convalescentF) B) and C)
G) B) and D)

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of sequelae?

Accepted Answer

A)   Headache from meningitis
B)   Di?culty swallowing from streptococcal infection
C)   Arthritis from Lyme disease
D)   Diarrhea from Salmonella enteritidis infectionE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 8

Koch's postulates are easily satisﬁed for viral diseases.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Pathogenic microbes that cause disease in healthy people are called ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   opportunistic pathogens
B)   normal biota
C)   indigenous biota
D)   true pathogens
E)   micropathogensF) A) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 10

A pathologic state begins with contact with a microbe.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

A laboratory technologist splashed a blood specimen onto his face, eyes, nose, and mouth. This specimen was from an HIV positive patient. If this blood exposure leads to HIV infection in thetechnologist, the transmission route is _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   direct
B)   fomite
C)   vehicle
D)   droplet nuclei
E)   aerosolF) A) and B)
G) B) and C)

Question 12

You are studying a newly identi?ed infectious disease within a population. Think of the typical graph of the course of infection--incubation period through to convalescent period. The new disease reveals a course of infection characterized by ?uctuating symptoms, with intermittent periods of
Invasion (acute period)  between prodromal periods. The whole course of infection occurs over a period of months or even years. Based upon the information presented, select the statement that most accurately re?ects this new infectious disease.

Accepted Answer

A)   This infectious disease exhibits latency.
B)   This is not an infectious disease at all.
C)   The host has immune problems and this is the typical course of a disease for that population.
D)   Viral infections always present with this type of disease course.E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 13

All of the following are examples of epigenetic changes except _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   histones are altered, which affects replication and transcription
B)   microbial mucinase digests the protective lining of mucous membranes
C)   host cell genome is altered, interrupting transcription
D)   microbe binds to small RNAs disrupting gene regulationE) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 14

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention assigns the most virulent microbes known to cause human disease to biosafety level 4.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

An intermediary inanimate object from which an infectious agent is acquired is termed a _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   fomite
B)   carrier
C)   vector
D)   reservoirE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 16

Which of the following is not a normal portal of exit of an infectious disease?

Accepted Answer

A)   Removal of blood
B)   Urogenital tract and feces
C)   Coughing and sneezing
D)   Skin
E)   All of these choices are normal exit portals.F) C) and D)
G) C) and E)

Question 17

The objective, measurable evidence of disease evaluated by an observer is termed a/an ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   syndrome
B)   symptom
C)   sign
D)   pathology
E)   inﬂammationF) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 18

Which of the following is a mismatched term and description?

Accepted Answer

A)   Secondary infection - infection spreads to several tissue sites
B)   Mixed infection - several agents established at infection site
C)   Acute infection - rapid onset of severe, short-lived symptoms
D)   Local infection - pathogen remains at or near entry site
E)   Toxemia - pathogen's toxins carried by the blood to target tissuesF) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 19

The su?x -osis means ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   blood
B)   a disease or morbid process
C)   an in?ammation
D)   tumor
E)   pertaining toF) B) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 20

A sign is _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   an objective indication of disease
B)   a subjective indication of disease
C)   measurable by health care personnel
D)   malaise and body aches
E)   an objective indication of disease that is measurable by health care personnelF) A) and B)
G) B) and C)

Exam 13: Microbe-Human Interactions: Health and Disease

Based on new information from the Human Microbiome Project, the human body typically begins to be colonized by its normal biota _______.

Correct Answer
verified

An intermediary inanimate object from which an infectious agent is acquired is termed a _______.

Correct Answer
verified

The effect of beneﬁcial microbes of normal biota against invading microbes is called ______.

Correct Answer
verified

A laboratory technologist splashed a blood specimen onto his face, eyes, nose, and mouth. This specimen was from an HIV positive patient. If this blood exposure leads to HIV infection in thetechnologist, the transmission route is _______.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Animals that participate in the life cycles of pathogens and transmit pathogens from host to host are ______.

Correct Answer
verified

A sign is _______.

Correct Answer
verified

The su?x -osis means ______.

Correct Answer
verified

Pathogenic microbes that cause disease in healthy people are called ______.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is an example of sequelae?

Correct Answer
verified

A pathologic state begins with contact with a microbe.

Correct Answer
verified

Koch's postulates are easily satisﬁed for viral diseases.

Correct Answer
verified

The objective, measurable evidence of disease evaluated by an observer is termed a/an ______.

Correct Answer
verified

Carriers that shed and transmit pathogens while they are recovering from an infectious disease are called ______ carriers.

Correct Answer
verified

The terms pathogenicity and virulence can be used synonymously because they both refer to an organism's ability to cause disease.

Correct Answer
verified

All of the following are examples of epigenetic changes except _______.

Correct Answer
verified

For a successful emergence or re-emergence to occur, a pathogen must be introduced into a vulnerable population and have the ability to spread readily from person-to-person causing disease.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is not a normal portal of exit of an infectious disease?

Correct Answer
verified

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention assigns the most virulent microbes known to cause human disease to biosafety level 4.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is a mismatched term and description?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 13: Microbe-Human Interactions: Health and Disease

Based on new information from the Human Microbiome Project, the human body typically begins to be colonized by its normal biota _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An intermediary inanimate object from which an infectious agent is acquired is termed a _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The effect of beneﬁcial microbes of normal biota against invading microbes is called ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A laboratory technologist splashed a blood specimen onto his face, eyes, nose, and mouth. This specimen was from an HIV positive patient. If this blood exposure leads to HIV infection in thetechnologist, the transmission route is _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Animals that participate in the life cycles of pathogens and transmit pathogens from host to host are ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A sign is _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The su?x -osis means ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Pathogenic microbes that cause disease in healthy people are called ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an example of sequelae?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A pathologic state begins with contact with a microbe.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Koch's postulates are easily satisﬁed for viral diseases.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The objective, measurable evidence of disease evaluated by an observer is termed a/an ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Carriers that shed and transmit pathogens while they are recovering from an infectious disease are called ______ carriers.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The terms pathogenicity and virulence can be used synonymously because they both refer to an organism's ability to cause disease.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All of the following are examples of epigenetic changes except _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

For a successful emergence or re-emergence to occur, a pathogen must be introduced into a vulnerable population and have the ability to spread readily from person-to-person causing disease.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not a normal portal of exit of an infectious disease?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention assigns the most virulent microbes known to cause human disease to biosafety level 4.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a mismatched term and description?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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