Question 1

The drug that is used to treat typhoid fever and brain abscesses, but can cause aplastic anemia, is _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   chloramphenicol
B)   clindamycin
C)   ciproﬂoxacin
D)   bacitracin
E)   gentamicinF) B) and D)
G) D) and E)

Question 2

Each of the following affect cell walls, except ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   penicillin
B)   cycloserine
C)   vancomycin
D)   erythromycin
E)   cephalosporinF) B) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 3

Substances that are naturally produced by certain microorganisms that can inhibit or destroy bacteria are called ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   synthetic drugs
B)   antibiotics
C)   narrow-spectrum drugs
D)   semisynthetic drugs
E)   broad-spectrum drugsF) D) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 4

What drug is used in cases of penicillin and methicillin resistance and also used to treat endocarditis?

Accepted Answer

A)   Penicillin G
B)   Vancomycin
C)   Tetracycline
D)   Erythromycin
E)   IsoniazidF) A) and B)
G) All of the above

Question 5

Which of the following antibacterial drug groups does not target protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)   Oxazolidinones
B)   Macrolides
C)   Aminoglycosides
D)   Sulfonamides
E)   TetracyclinesF) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

Question 6

Bacteria can have a natural resistance to a drug to which they have never been exposed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

The cellular basis for bacterial resistance to antimicrobials include _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   bacterial chromosomal mutations
B)   synthesis of enzymes that alter drug structure
C)   prevention of drug entry into the cell
D)   alteration of drug receptors on cell targets
E)   All of the choices are correct.F) A) and B)
G) A) and D)

Question 8

The MIC is the smallest concentration of an antimicrobial required to inhibit the growth of the microbe.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

A clinical microbiologist makes serial dilutions of several antimicrobials in broth, and then incubates each drug dilution series with a standard amount of a patient's isolated pathogen. What is this microbiologist setting up?

Accepted Answer

A)   A Kirby-Bauer technique
B)   A antibiogram
C)   An E-test
D)   A minimum inhibitory concentration (MI
C)   test
E)   A therapeutic index (TI) F) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

Question 10

Resistance genes can be transferred to other bacterial cells during transformation, transduction, and conjugation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Ketoconazole, ﬂuconazole, clotrimazole, and miconazole are broad-spectrum azoles used to treat _______ infections.

Accepted Answer

A)   bacterial
B)   fungal
C)   protozoan
D)   helminthic
E)   viralF) A) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 12

Penicillins and cephalosporins _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   destroy peptidoglycan
B)   are metabolic analogs of PABA and block folic acid synthesis
C)   attach to the 30S ribosomal subunit and disrupt protein synthesis
D)   damage cell membranes
E)   block peptidases that cross-link glycan moleculesF) B) and C)
G) D) and E)

Question 13

A superinfection results from _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   build up of a drug to toxic levels in the patient
B)   the wrong drug administered to the patient
C)   an immune system reaction to the drug
D)   a decrease in most normal biota resulting in the overgrowth of an unaffected speciesE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 14

Which of the following is not a mode of action of antiviral drugs?

Accepted Answer

A)   Block penetration
B)   Block transcription and translation
C)   Inhibit DNA synthesis
D)   Block maturation
E)   Bond to ergosterol in the cell membraneF) D) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 15

All of the following pertain to cephalosporins, except ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   they have a beta-lactam ring
B)   they have greater resistance to beta-lactamases
C)   newer generations have activity against gram-negative bacteria
D)   many are administered by injection, not orally
E)   they are are synthetic drugsF) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 16

Alexander Fleming had been running tests using Staphylococcus, and he left some plates out to incubate. Evidently, after returning to his lab after the weekend, he found that Penicillium mold was growing on his agar plates containing the growth of Staphylococcus. Looking more closely, he
Found a large, clear area around the mold colony where Staphylococcus colonies did not grow. Given this situation, a valid hypothesis would be that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   the Staphylococcus was being inhibited by the Penicillium mold
B)   the Penicillium mold was being killed by the Staphylococcus
C)   the bacteriological medium being used in the plates was somehow inhibitory to the Staphylococcus growth
D)   the room temperature incubation was inhibitory to the growth of StaphylococcusE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 17

Clavulanic acid inhibits _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   beta-lactamase activity
B)   peptidoglycan synthesis
C)   formation of peptidoglycan cross linkages
D)   cell membrane synthesisE) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 18

Antiviral drugs that target reverse transcriptase would be used to treat infections caused by ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   inﬂuenza A virus
B)   HIV
C)   herpes zoster virus
D)   respiratory syncytial virus
E)   hepatitis C virusF) A) and B)
G) B) and C)

Question 19

All of the following pertain to ﬂuoroquinolones, except _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   they are broad spectrum
B)   they include ciproﬂoxacin and levoﬂoxacin
C)   they are nephrotoxic
D)   they are used to treat respiratory, urinary, and sexually transmitted infections
E)   they are readily absorbed from intestinesF) D) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 20

Your patient has been on antibiotics for 6 weeks after a case of streptococcal endocarditis, an infection of the inner heart wall. The infection clears up. However, the patient just visited you about a urinary tract infection, and the lab veriﬁed that the culprit was E. coli. What do you hypothesize happened in this situation?

Accepted Answer

A)   The lab has made a mistake in identifying the cause, and, in fact, the UTI was caused by the original Streptococcus.
B)   The lab has made a mistake in identifying the cause, and, in fact, the endocarditis was caused by the E. coli.
C)   Her normal microbiota in the genitourinary tract were killed, allowing E. coli ( not killed by the antibiotics)  to establish an infection.
D)   The antibiotics damaged her immune system, making her very susceptible to environmental bacteria.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Exam 12: Antimicrobial Treatment

Antiviral drugs that target reverse transcriptase would be used to treat infections caused by ______.

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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All of the following pertain to cephalosporins, except ______.

Correct Answer
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Which of the following antibacterial drug groups does not target protein synthesis?

Correct Answer
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Ketoconazole, ﬂuconazole, clotrimazole, and miconazole are broad-spectrum azoles used to treat _______ infections.

Correct Answer
verified

Clavulanic acid inhibits _______.

Correct Answer
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Substances that are naturally produced by certain microorganisms that can inhibit or destroy bacteria are called ______.

Correct Answer
verified

A superinfection results from _______.

Correct Answer
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A clinical microbiologist makes serial dilutions of several antimicrobials in broth, and then incubates each drug dilution series with a standard amount of a patient's isolated pathogen. What is this microbiologist setting up?

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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All of the following pertain to ﬂuoroquinolones, except _______.

Correct Answer
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The MIC is the smallest concentration of an antimicrobial required to inhibit the growth of the microbe.

Correct Answer
verified

Bacteria can have a natural resistance to a drug to which they have never been exposed.

Correct Answer
verified

The drug that is used to treat typhoid fever and brain abscesses, but can cause aplastic anemia, is _______.

Correct Answer
verified

Each of the following affect cell walls, except ______.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is not a mode of action of antiviral drugs?

Correct Answer
verified

Resistance genes can be transferred to other bacterial cells during transformation, transduction, and conjugation.

Correct Answer
verified

Penicillins and cephalosporins _______.

Correct Answer
verified

What drug is used in cases of penicillin and methicillin resistance and also used to treat endocarditis?

Correct Answer
verified

The cellular basis for bacterial resistance to antimicrobials include _______.

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 12: Antimicrobial Treatment

Antiviral drugs that target reverse transcriptase would be used to treat infections caused by ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All of the following pertain to cephalosporins, except ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following antibacterial drug groups does not target protein synthesis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ketoconazole, ﬂuconazole, clotrimazole, and miconazole are broad-spectrum azoles used to treat _______ infections.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Clavulanic acid inhibits _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Substances that are naturally produced by certain microorganisms that can inhibit or destroy bacteria are called ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A superinfection results from _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A clinical microbiologist makes serial dilutions of several antimicrobials in broth, and then incubates each drug dilution series with a standard amount of a patient's isolated pathogen. What is this microbiologist setting up?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All of the following pertain to ﬂuoroquinolones, except _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The MIC is the smallest concentration of an antimicrobial required to inhibit the growth of the microbe.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Bacteria can have a natural resistance to a drug to which they have never been exposed.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The drug that is used to treat typhoid fever and brain abscesses, but can cause aplastic anemia, is _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Each of the following affect cell walls, except ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not a mode of action of antiviral drugs?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Resistance genes can be transferred to other bacterial cells during transformation, transduction, and conjugation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Penicillins and cephalosporins _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What drug is used in cases of penicillin and methicillin resistance and also used to treat endocarditis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The cellular basis for bacterial resistance to antimicrobials include _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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