Question 1

During the Gram stain, the application of alcohol results in the decolorization of ______ cells.

Accepted Answer

A)   gram-positive
B)   gram-negative
C)   all
D)   pleomorphicE) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 2

All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease except ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   gram-negative outer membrane
B)   ﬁmbriae
C)   inclusions
D)   capsule
E)   slime layerF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 3

The process of sporangium formation and endospore maturation requires 6-8 hours. What is most likely to result if the temperature of the environment was raised to 100°C about 2 hours after the process started?

Accepted Answer

A)   The endospore would form properly but would be unable to germinate.
B)   The endospore would not form properly because it is not yet heat resistant.
C)   The endospore would form more slowly and be heat resistant.
D)   The chromosome in the endospore would likely carry mutations.
E)   The organism would be termed a hyperthermophile.F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 4

You have found a mutant of Streptococcus pneumoniae that has lost the ability to produce a capsule. If you inject this strain into a population of healthy mice, what prediction can you make About the consequences?

Accepted Answer

A)   The mice will die of pneumonia.
B)   The mice will remain healthy.
C)   The infection will respond to antiviral medication.
D)   The mice will get a severe case of pneumonia and recover.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 5

A patient has a serious respiratory infection. A sputum sample yielded a bacterium that did not have any peptidoglycan. You hypothesize that the identity of this microbe could possibly be ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   Mycobacterium tuberculosis
B)   Streptococcus pneumoniae
C)   Mycoplasma pneumoniae
D)   Borrelia burgdorferi
E)   Staphylococcus aureusF) A) and B)
G) None of the above

Question 6

A new drug is found to act by blocking the incorporation of subunits into sterol molecules for the cell membrane. Which statement is true?

Accepted Answer

A)   This kind of drug would destroy viruses only.
B)   Only bioﬁlms would be affected by this drug.
C)   A drug with this mechanism would be an excellent antibiotic.
D)   Only archaeal cells would be affected by this drug.
E)   Most bacteria would be unaffected by this drug.F) C) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 7

Archaea do not have the typical peptidoglycan structure found in bacterial cell walls.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The chemical bonds in peptidoglycan can be hydrolyed by the enzyme _____, found in tears and saliva.

Accepted Answer

A)   kinase
B)   peptidase
C)   lysozyme
D)   penicillinaseE) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 9

The most immediate result of destruction of a cell's ribosomes would be that _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   holes would appear in the capsule
B)   the chromosome would unravel
C)   protein synthesis would stop
D)   material would not cross the cell membrane
E)   glycogen inclusions would formF) C) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 10

When bacilli in a chain fold back upon each other like a hinge, this cellular arrangement is termed a ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   staph
B)   tetrad
C)   palisade
D)   strep
E)   sarcinaF) A) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 11

Chemical analysis of a bacterial cell detects dipicolinic acid. What is the identity of this structure?

Accepted Answer

A)   Endospore
B)   Nucleoid
C)   Bioﬁlm
D)   Cell wall
E)   CapsuleF) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 12

Flagella move in a whip-like motion.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Bacterial cells could have any of the following appendages except ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   ﬁmbriae
B)   periplasmic ﬂagella (axial ﬁlaments) 
C)   pili
D)   cilia
E)   ﬂagellaF) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 14

The bacterial cell membrane is a site for many enzymes and metabolic reactions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Which of the following is mismatched?

Accepted Answer

A)   Hyperthermophiles - adapted to high temperatures
B)   Extreme halophiles - adapted to salty habitats
C)   Psychrophiles - adapted to very low temperatures
D)   Thermoplasmas - adapted to warm-blooded animal environments
E)   Methanogens - convert CO? and H2 into methaneF) B) and E)
G) C) and E)

Question 16

The function of bacterial endospores is _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   reproduction and growth
B)   protection of genetic material during harsh conditions
C)   to provide a protected site for photosynthesis
D)   storage of excess cellular building blocksE) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 17

Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shape?

Accepted Answer

A)   Tetrad
B)   Bacillus
C)   Coccus
D)   Vibrio
E)   SpirocheteF) B) and C)
G) C) and E)

Question 18

The region between the bacterial cell membrane and the cell wall is called the outer membrane.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The term diplococcus refers to an irregular cluster of spherical bacterial cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

If the bacterial cells were viewed immediately after crystal violet was applied during the Gram stain procedure, gram-positive cells would be purple but gram-negative cells would be colorless.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 4: Bacteria and Archaea

Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shape?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If the bacterial cells were viewed immediately after crystal violet was applied during the Gram stain procedure, gram-positive cells would be purple but gram-negative cells would be colorless.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The process of sporangium formation and endospore maturation requires 6-8 hours. What is most likely to result if the temperature of the environment was raised to 100°C about 2 hours after the process started?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is mismatched?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The term diplococcus refers to an irregular cluster of spherical bacterial cells.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A new drug is found to act by blocking the incorporation of subunits into sterol molecules for the cell membrane. Which statement is true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During the Gram stain, the application of alcohol results in the decolorization of ______ cells.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The most immediate result of destruction of a cell's ribosomes would be that _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The function of bacterial endospores is _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The region between the bacterial cell membrane and the cell wall is called the outer membrane.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The bacterial cell membrane is a site for many enzymes and metabolic reactions.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Archaea do not have the typical peptidoglycan structure found in bacterial cell walls.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Flagella move in a whip-like motion.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease except ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A patient has a serious respiratory infection. A sputum sample yielded a bacterium that did not have any peptidoglycan. You hypothesize that the identity of this microbe could possibly be ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Chemical analysis of a bacterial cell detects dipicolinic acid. What is the identity of this structure?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You have found a mutant of Streptococcus pneumoniae that has lost the ability to produce a capsule. If you inject this strain into a population of healthy mice, what prediction can you make About the consequences?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The chemical bonds in peptidoglycan can be hydrolyed by the enzyme _____, found in tears and saliva.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When bacilli in a chain fold back upon each other like a hinge, this cellular arrangement is termed a ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Bacterial cells could have any of the following appendages except ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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