Question 1

The term that refers to ﬂagella at both poles of the cell is ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   peritrichous
B)   atrichous
C)   amphitrichous
D)   monotrichous
E)   lophotrichousF) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

Question 2

Chemotaxis refers to the ability of a cell to _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   move in response to a chemical
B)   halt movement in response to a chemical
C)   transport desired molecules into a cell
D)   move in response to lightE) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 3

Archaea have been found in many microenvironments in the human body. Which of the following microenvironments is most likely to ﬁt with the designation of Archaea as "extremophiles?"

Accepted Answer

A)   The gingiva and the gut are anaerobic.
B)   The inner ear can withstand increased pressure.
C)   The temperature of the testes is less than 37°C.
D)   The surface of the tongue has salt receptors.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 4

You've just isolated a new bacterium in pure culture, and you culture it on a general purpose medium where its cells have a rod-shape (bacillus)  morphology. In addition to culturing it on solid media, you inoculate a slide to grow it as a bio?lm. When you use confocal microscopy to image the bio?lm, you observe that there are several cellular morphologies, ranging from coccus to coccobacillus to long bacillus. The best explanation for this observation is that _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   the bio?lm is no longer a pure culture of the microbe
B)   the bio?lm culture was not incubated under the appropriate conditions
C)   the microenvironments within a bio?lm promote structural variation
D)   the confocal microscope is out of adjustmentE) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 5

The macromolecule containing alternating N-acetylglucosamine (NAG)  and N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM)  chains cross-linked by short peptide fragments is ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   teichoic acid
B)   peptidoglycan
C)   lipopolysaccharide
D)   mycolic acid
E)   lysozymeF) D) and E)
G) None of the above

Question 6

All bacterial cells have ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   capsules
B)  flagella
C)   a chromosome
D)   the ability to produce endospores
E)   an S-layerF) All of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 7

Both gram-positive and gram-negative cells have outer membranes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The term that refers to the presence of ﬂagella all over the cell surface is ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   atrichous
B)   peritrichous
C)   monotrichous
D)   amphitrichous
E)   lophotrichousF) All of the above
G) A) and E)

Question 9

The cell envelope of gram-positive bacteria has two layers: a thick cell wall and the cell membrane.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The transfer of genes during bacterial conjugation involves rigid, tubular appendages called ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   ﬁmbriae
B)   cilia
C)   ﬂagella
D)   sex pili
E)   periplasmic ﬂagella (axial ﬁlaments) F) B) and C)
G) D) and E)

Question 11

You've just isolated a new bacterium in pure culture, and you culture it on a general purpose medium where its cells have a coccobacillus morphology. When you examine the cells after culturing on a variety of differential media, you ?nd that in some cases, the cells appear a coccobacillus, but in others, they can be ?lamentous, cocci, or club-shaped. The best explanation for this observation is that _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   the media were incubated at an incorrect temperature
B)   the microscope is out of adjustment
C)   the differential media are contaminated
D)   the bacterium is pleomorphic
E)   your culture has become contaminatedF) D) and E)
G) C) and E)

Question 12

Which of the following properties are shared by both bacteria and archaea?

Accepted Answer

A)   Single, circular chromosome
B)   Cell wall polysaccharides
C)   Ester linkages in fatty acids
D)   Method of DNA compactionE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 13

Lysozyme is most effective against ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   gram-positive organisms
B)   mycoplasmas
C)   gram-negative organisms
D)   cyanobacteria
E)   archaeaF) B) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 14

Boiling water (100°C) can normally destroy endospores.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Which of the following statements regarding chemotaxis is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A)   In a cell with peritrichous ﬂagella, each ﬂagellum moves individually but in a coordinated direction during a run.
B)   In a tumble, the ﬂagellum reverses direction, causing the cell to stop moving and change course.
C)   The fuel for ﬂagellar motion is not ATP, but a proton gradient.
D)   When a cell detects a nutrient gradient, it will increase the frequency of runs to move toward the nutrient.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 16

Gram-negative bacteria _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   have a more complex cell envelope with a greater variation in chemical composition
B)   appear purple following the Gram stain
C)   are generally more susceptible to antibiotics than gram-positive bacteria
D)   include all pathogensE) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 17

Which external structure protects bacteria from phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

A)   Slime layer
B)   Cell membrane
C)   Capsule
D)   FimbriaeE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 18

The site for ATP synthesis in bacterial cells is the ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   cell membrane
B)   ribosome
C)   mitochondrion
D)   cell wall
E)   microcompartmentF) D) and E)
G) None of the above

Question 19

A slime layer gives bacterial cells greater pathogenicity than a capsule.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The basal body of a ﬂagellum is anchored into the ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   cell wall
B)   outer membrane
C)   cell membrane
D)   peptidoglycan layer
E)   hookF) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Exam 4: Bacteria and Archaea

Both gram-positive and gram-negative cells have outer membranes.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following properties are shared by both bacteria and archaea?

Correct Answer
verified

The macromolecule containing alternating N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM) chains cross-linked by short peptide fragments is ______.

Correct Answer
verified

The site for ATP synthesis in bacterial cells is the ______.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

A slime layer gives bacterial cells greater pathogenicity than a capsule.

Correct Answer
verified

The transfer of genes during bacterial conjugation involves rigid, tubular appendages called ______.

Correct Answer
verified

The term that refers to the presence of ﬂagella all over the cell surface is ______.

Correct Answer
verified

All bacterial cells have ______.

Correct Answer
verified

The cell envelope of gram-positive bacteria has two layers: a thick cell wall and the cell membrane.

Correct Answer
verified

Which external structure protects bacteria from phagocytosis?

Correct Answer
verified

The term that refers to ﬂagella at both poles of the cell is ______.

Correct Answer
verified

The basal body of a ﬂagellum is anchored into the ______.

Correct Answer
verified

Boiling water (100°C) can normally destroy endospores.

Correct Answer
verified

Lysozyme is most effective against ______.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Gram-negative bacteria _______.

Correct Answer
verified

Chemotaxis refers to the ability of a cell to _______.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements regarding chemotaxis is incorrect?

Correct Answer
verified

Archaea have been found in many microenvironments in the human body. Which of the following microenvironments is most likely to ﬁt with the designation of Archaea as "extremophiles?"

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 4: Bacteria and Archaea

Both gram-positive and gram-negative cells have outer membranes.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following properties are shared by both bacteria and archaea?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The macromolecule containing alternating N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM) chains cross-linked by short peptide fragments is ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The site for ATP synthesis in bacterial cells is the ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A slime layer gives bacterial cells greater pathogenicity than a capsule.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The transfer of genes during bacterial conjugation involves rigid, tubular appendages called ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The term that refers to the presence of ﬂagella all over the cell surface is ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All bacterial cells have ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The cell envelope of gram-positive bacteria has two layers: a thick cell wall and the cell membrane.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which external structure protects bacteria from phagocytosis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The term that refers to ﬂagella at both poles of the cell is ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The basal body of a ﬂagellum is anchored into the ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Boiling water (100°C) can normally destroy endospores.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Lysozyme is most effective against ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Gram-negative bacteria _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Chemotaxis refers to the ability of a cell to _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements regarding chemotaxis is incorrect?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Archaea have been found in many microenvironments in the human body. Which of the following microenvironments is most likely to ﬁt with the designation of Archaea as "extremophiles?"

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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