Question 1

A bacterial genus that has waxy mycolic acid in the cell walls is ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   Bacillus
B)   Corynebacterium.
C)   Mycobacterium
D)   Streptococcus
E)   MycoplasmaF) A) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 2

You apply the acid-fast stain method to a patient's specimen, an aspirate from the lungs. Microscopic examination reveals a large number of bright pink-red bacillus-shaped bacteria in the Smear. Which statement is true?

Accepted Answer

A)   This is the expected outcome for normal sputum.
B)   The patient has pneumonia.
C)   The patient has tuberculosis.
D)   The patient has an HIV infection.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 3

Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   cell membranes
B)   cell walls
C)   capsules
D)   slime layers
E)   inclusionsF) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 4

Hot carbol fuchsin is the primary dye in the acid-fast stain.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Two structures that allow bacteria to adhere to surfaces are ______ and ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   actin ﬁlaments; phospholipid membranes
B)   pili; ribosomes
C)   ﬁmbriae; capsules
D)   endospores; metachromatic granules
E)   lipopolysaccharide; techoic acidF) B) and E)
G) None of the above

Question 6

A nutrient binds to receptors near the ﬂagellar basal body. This will result in _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   inhibition of ﬂagella rotation
B)   clockwise rotation of ﬂagella
C)   counterclockwise rotation of ﬂagella
D)   numerous tumblesE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 7

Mycobacterium and Nocardia are different from most gram-positive bacteria in that their cell walls _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   are easily decolorized during staining
B)   contain unique, waxy lipids
C)   contain a layer of lipopolysaccharide
D)   contain more peptidoglycanE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 8

Alcohol-based hand sanitizers speciﬁcally target lipids, making them most effective when trying to eliminate ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   endospores
B)   viruses
C)   gram-positives
D)   bioﬁlms
E)   gram-negativesF) C) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 9

You have made a smear of a bacterial culture and have performed the Gram stain on it. Looking at the organism under the microscope, you notice that the cells do not seem to be the dark blue- Purple of a gram-positive reaction, but instead are light purple. Your staining procedure was Performed correctly. What is your best explanation as to why the bacteria have stained this way?

Accepted Answer

A)   The specimen did not undergo heat ?xation before staining; therefore, the primary dye does not stick properly to the wall.
B)   These are mutant bacteria which cannot be stained like other bacteria.
C)   There is something in the wall of the bacteria that has affected the uptake of the crystal violet into the cell wall, thereby staining it improperly.
D)   The bacteria were taken from an inappropriate medium, and a chemical is interfering with proper staining of the cells.E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 10

Endospores of certain bacterial species can enter tissues in the human body, germinate, and cause an infectious disease.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Researchers studying the rigidity and fexibility of the cell envelope used chemotaxis to measure the ability of microbes to squeeze through tight spaces. E. coli, a gram-negative bacterium, was able to traverse narrower channels than B. subtilis, a gram-positive microbe, even though both cells are the same size when grown without restriction. E. coli has the more fexible cell envelope because _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   it has fewer flagella
B)   there are fewer protein receptors
C)   it has only a single membrane
D)   lipopolysaccharide has no charge
E)   there is less structural carbohydrateF) A) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 12

Which of the following bacterial structures is incorrectly matched with a function?

Accepted Answer

A)   Ribosomes - protein synthesis
B)   Cytoplasm - dense, gelatinous solution
C)   Nucleoid - hereditary material
D)   Plasmids - contain genes essential for growth and metabolism
E)   Inclusions - excess cell nutrients and materialsF) A) and B)
G) B) and C)

Question 13

Which of the following is not a phenotypic trait of bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)   rRNA sequence
B)   Nutrient requirements
C)   Biochemical reactions
D)   Cell shapeE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

A bacterial cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   gram-positive
B)   a protoplast
C)   a spheroplast
D)   gram-negative
E)   acid-fastF) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

Exam 4: Bacteria and Archaea

Mycobacterium and Nocardia are different from most gram-positive bacteria in that their cell walls _______.

Correct Answer
verified

A bacterial cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is ______.

Correct Answer
verified

A bacterial genus that has waxy mycolic acid in the cell walls is ______.

Correct Answer
verified

Hot carbol fuchsin is the primary dye in the acid-fast stain.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is not a phenotypic trait of bacteria?

Correct Answer
verified

Alcohol-based hand sanitizers speciﬁcally target lipids, making them most effective when trying to eliminate ______.

Correct Answer
verified

A nutrient binds to receptors near the ﬂagellar basal body. This will result in _______.

Correct Answer
verified

Endospores of certain bacterial species can enter tissues in the human body, germinate, and cause an infectious disease.

Correct Answer
verified

You apply the acid-fast stain method to a patient's specimen, an aspirate from the lungs. Microscopic examination reveals a large number of bright pink-red bacillus-shaped bacteria in the Smear. Which statement is true?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Two structures that allow bacteria to adhere to surfaces are and .

Correct Answer
verified

Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial ______.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following bacterial structures is incorrectly matched with a function?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 4: Bacteria and Archaea

Mycobacterium and Nocardia are different from most gram-positive bacteria in that their cell walls _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A bacterial cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A bacterial genus that has waxy mycolic acid in the cell walls is ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hot carbol fuchsin is the primary dye in the acid-fast stain.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not a phenotypic trait of bacteria?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Alcohol-based hand sanitizers speciﬁcally target lipids, making them most effective when trying to eliminate ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A nutrient binds to receptors near the ﬂagellar basal body. This will result in _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Endospores of certain bacterial species can enter tissues in the human body, germinate, and cause an infectious disease.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You apply the acid-fast stain method to a patient's specimen, an aspirate from the lungs. Microscopic examination reveals a large number of bright pink-red bacillus-shaped bacteria in the Smear. Which statement is true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Two structures that allow bacteria to adhere to surfaces are ______ and ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following bacterial structures is incorrectly matched with a function?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Two structures that allow bacteria to adhere to surfaces are and .

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified