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Hemoglobin bound to oxygen is bright red in color and is called ________.

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Letter D on the figure is the ________. a flap-like structure that closes off the larynx during swallowing.

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Cilia are ____.


A) mucus-secreting cells in the lower bronchial tree
B) tiny structures in the airways that trap and hold foreign material
C) tiny hair-like structures in the airways that push mucus toward the pharynx
D) composed of macrophages and destroy inhaled pathogens
E) flap-like structures that close off the larynx during swallowing

F) A) and E)
G) C) and D)

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Inadequate oxygenation of the cells is called ________.

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In ____, inflammation causes obstruction of the bronchial tree.


A) asthma
B) bronchitis
C) pleurisy
D) pneumonia
E) atelectasis

F) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

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Which of the following is an acute type of bacterial pneumonia caused by bacteria found in air conditioning systems?


A) COPD
B) Influenza
C) Legionnaire's disease
D) Pleurisy
E) Laryngitis

F) B) and C)
G) A) and D)

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Georgia is a 27-year-old patient who has allergic rhinitis. She has a severe allergy to animal dander, which causes sneezing and severe congestion. She is engaged to marry Bob, who has a cat. The cat is almost 15 years old and has been with Bob since it was a kitten. Finding another home for the cat is not an option-neither Bob nor Georgia wants to do that. Unfortunately, over-the-counter antihistamines have not worked. Georgia states that she is currently taking Allegra®, but it is plain to see that she is still very congested. What alternatives might the physician suggest for Georgia?


A) Double the amount of Allegra® she is taking
B) Wear a mask when the cat is in the room
C) Do not allow the cat into the bedroom at night
D) See an allergist for desensitization injections
E) There is no other option but to get rid of the cat

F) A) and D)
G) B) and E)

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Letter B on the figure is the ________, which is made of bones and cartilage.

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Which of the following prevents food from entering the airway during swallowing?


A) Alveoli
B) Pleura
C) Glottis
D) Epiglottis
E) Pharynx

F) B) and C)
G) C) and D)

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The ________, shown at letter E in the figure, transports air to the bronchi.

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Lung diseases that result from years of exposure to different environmental or occupational types of dust are called ________.

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