Question 1

Criminal behaviors that are attributed to _____ causes evoke the strongest punitive response.

Accepted Answer

A)   internal, controllable, and stable
B)   external, less controllable, and stable
C)   external, controllable, and unstable
D)   internal, less controllable, and unstableE) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 2

In the middle of the 20th century, with _____ as the chief justice of the Supreme Court, civil liberties were expanded to include society's least powerful groups: prison inmates, racial minorities, women, and children.

Accepted Answer

A)   Warren Buffet
B)   Earl Warren
C)   Antonin Scalia
D)   Oliver StoneE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 3

Kelvin was released from prison before his entire sentence was served. However, he has to be supervised by an officer for several months. This situation is commonly referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)   parole.
B)   probation.
C)   rehabilitation.
D)   treatment.E) A) and C)
F) A) and D) A

Question 4

All of the following statements are true about solitary confinement, EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)   Prisoners are often put into solitary confinement for breaking prison rules.
B)   Over time, inmates held in solitary confinement develop serious mental illness.
C)   Supermax prisons are essentially a form of solitary confinement.
D)   Prisoners are never released from supermax prisons directly into free society.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B) D

Question 5

A lot of prisoners come from disadvantaged backgrounds: approximately _____ of prisoners have at least one family member who has been incarcerated, and over _____ of prisoners have not completed high school.

Accepted Answer

A)   10%; 25%
B)   40%; 65%
C)   25%; 90%
D)   10%; 95%E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 6

Imprisoning people is a huge expense for taxpayers. But even more importantly, studies find that serving time in prison has a _____ effect, which means that those who spend longer sentences in incarceration are _____ likely to reoffend.

Accepted Answer

A)   deterrent; more
B)   deterrent; less
C)   criminogenic; more
D)   criminogenic; lessE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 7

The rate of imprisonment in the United States was _____ between 1972 and 2009, and then _____ since 2010.

Accepted Answer

A)   increasing; started a slow decline
B)   increasing; has been holding steady
C)   declining; shot up tremendously
D)   declining; has been holding steadyE) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 8

It has been estimated that approximately _____ of prisoners have at least one other family member who has been incarcerated. More than _____ of prisoners have not completed high school.

Accepted Answer

A)   1%; half
B)   1%; a quarter
C)   40%; half
D)   40%; 10%E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 9

The United States currently incarcerates a _____ for a _____ any other industrialized democracy in the world.

Accepted Answer

A)   larger percentage of individuals; longer period of time than
B)   larger percentage of individuals but; shorter period of time than
C)   smaller percentage of individuals; period approximately similar to that of
D)   smaller percentage of individuals; much shorter period of time thanE) A) and C)
F) A) and B) A

Question 10

In the case of _____, the Supreme Court abandoned the _____ of mandatory sentencing.

Accepted Answer

A)   United States v. Booker (2005) ; rigidity
B)   United States v. Booker (2005) ; flexibility
C)   Procunier v. Martinez (1974) ; rigidity
D)   Procunier v. Martinez (1974) ; flexibilityE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 11

Since the 1980s, the United States has incarcerated people at a rate approximately _____ than that of other industrialized nations.

Accepted Answer

A)   50% lower
B)   10% lower
C)   50% higher
D)   five times higherE) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 12

Janine was convicted of a felony, as was Troy. Both defendants were convicted of the same crime and under similar situations. According to the text, Janine is likely to receive _____ Troy because Janine is a female.

Accepted Answer

A)   a harsher sentence than
B)   the same sentence as
C)   a lighter sentence than
D)   There are no clear data on sentencing disparities based on gender.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 13

When comparing countries in terms of the percentage of their populations incarcerated in jails and prisons, the following statement is true:

Accepted Answer

A)   The United States is on par with other developed democracies in incarceration rates.
B)   Denmark far outpaces other developed nations' incarceration rates.
C)   No Western democracy even approaches the United States's high rates of incarceration.
D)   Russia is the most punitive country in the world as it incarcerates the highest percentage of its citizens.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 14

When an inmate is released from prison before his or her entire sentence has been served, to remain under the supervision of an officer in the community, this is called:

Accepted Answer

A)   restitution.
B)   parole.
C)   suspended sentence.
D)   general deterrence.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 15

Crime rates have been _____ for the last 25+ years. At the same time, the rate of incarceration in the United States is _____ that of other developed democracies.

Accepted Answer

A)   falling; much lower than
B)   rising; getting close to
C)   rising; much lower than
D)   falling; still several times higher thanE) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 16

The sentencing guidelines, though based on good intentions, turned out to be unnecessarily _____. In the 2005 Booker decision, the U.S. Supreme Court held that the sentencing guidelines should become _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   flexible; advisory rather than mandatory
B)   flexible; mandatory rather than advisory
C)   rigid; advisory rather than mandatory
D)   rigid; mandatory rather than advisoryE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 17

What was the goal of determinate sentencing and how does it work? What are the main problems with mandatory sentencing in general and with one of its versions-three-strikes laws-in particular? Are federal mandatory sentencing laws still in force?

Accepted Answer

•Determinate, or mandatory, sentencing w...

Question 18

The largest single group of inmates in federal prisons, constituting almost half of all federal prisoners, consists of individuals who have been convicted of:

Accepted Answer

A)   murder.
B)   drug offenses.
C)   bank robbery.
D)   tax evasion.E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 19

According to the text, all of the following factors have contributed to the stunning rise of the prison population in the United States, EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)   war on drugs.
B)   increased use of parole.
C)   mandatory sentencing.
D)   increased imprisonment of juveniles.E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 20

When the sentencing is decided, a defendant who may have some Level of Difficulty with making good decisions as a result of a mental defect may evoke _____ from judges or juries.

Accepted Answer

A)   ill will
B)   sympathy
C)   anger
D)   disbeliefE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Exam 16: Corrections: Sentencing, Imprisonment, and Alternatives

Criminal behaviors that are attributed to _____ causes evoke the strongest punitive response.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the middle of the 20th century, with _____ as the chief justice of the Supreme Court, civil liberties were expanded to include society's least powerful groups: prison inmates, racial minorities, women, and children.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Kelvin was released from prison before his entire sentence was served. However, he has to be supervised by an officer for several months. This situation is commonly referred to as:

Correct AnswerverifiedA

All of the following statements are true about solitary confinement, EXCEPT:

Correct AnswerverifiedD

A lot of prisoners come from disadvantaged backgrounds: approximately _____ of prisoners have at least one family member who has been incarcerated, and over _____ of prisoners have not completed high school.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Imprisoning people is a huge expense for taxpayers. But even more importantly, studies find that serving time in prison has a _____ effect, which means that those who spend longer sentences in incarceration are _____ likely to reoffend.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The rate of imprisonment in the United States was _____ between 1972 and 2009, and then _____ since 2010.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

It has been estimated that approximately _____ of prisoners have at least one other family member who has been incarcerated. More than _____ of prisoners have not completed high school.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The United States currently incarcerates a _____ for a _____ any other industrialized democracy in the world.

Correct AnswerverifiedA

In the case of _____, the Supreme Court abandoned the _____ of mandatory sentencing.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Since the 1980s, the United States has incarcerated people at a rate approximately _____ than that of other industrialized nations.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Janine was convicted of a felony, as was Troy. Both defendants were convicted of the same crime and under similar situations. According to the text, Janine is likely to receive _____ Troy because Janine is a female.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When comparing countries in terms of the percentage of their populations incarcerated in jails and prisons, the following statement is true:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When an inmate is released from prison before his or her entire sentence has been served, to remain under the supervision of an officer in the community, this is called:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Crime rates have been _____ for the last 25+ years. At the same time, the rate of incarceration in the United States is _____ that of other developed democracies.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The sentencing guidelines, though based on good intentions, turned out to be unnecessarily _____. In the 2005 Booker decision, the U.S. Supreme Court held that the sentencing guidelines should become _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What was the goal of determinate sentencing and how does it work? What are the main problems with mandatory sentencing in general and with one of its versions-three-strikes laws-in particular? Are federal mandatory sentencing laws still in force?

Correct Answerverified•Determinate, or mandatory, sentencing w...View AnswerShow Answer

The largest single group of inmates in federal prisons, constituting almost half of all federal prisoners, consists of individuals who have been convicted of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the text, all of the following factors have contributed to the stunning rise of the prison population in the United States, EXCEPT:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When the sentencing is decided, a defendant who may have some Level of Difficulty with making good decisions as a result of a mental defect may evoke _____ from judges or juries.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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A

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D

A lot of prisoners come from disadvantaged backgrounds: approximately _ of prisoners have at least one family member who has been incarcerated, and over _ of prisoners have not completed high school.

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Imprisoning people is a huge expense for taxpayers. But even more importantly, studies find that serving time in prison has a _ effect, which means that those who spend longer sentences in incarceration are _ likely to reoffend.

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The rate of imprisonment in the United States was _ between 1972 and 2009, and then _ since 2010.

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It has been estimated that approximately _ of prisoners have at least one other family member who has been incarcerated. More than _ of prisoners have not completed high school.

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The United States currently incarcerates a _ for a _ any other industrialized democracy in the world.

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In the case of _, the Supreme Court abandoned the _ of mandatory sentencing.

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Crime rates have been _ for the last 25+ years. At the same time, the rate of incarceration in the United States is _ that of other developed democracies.

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The sentencing guidelines, though based on good intentions, turned out to be unnecessarily _. In the 2005 Booker decision, the U.S. Supreme Court held that the sentencing guidelines should become _.

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•Determinate, or mandatory, sentencing w...
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