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Exam 22: Political Choices

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Question 51

Multiple Choice

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The table shown displays voters' preferences in an election. If a pairwise majority vote is held, and Sabrina sets the agenda for votes, which pair will she put up for vote first?

A) Libraries and safety
B) Education and libraries
C) Education and safety
D) Any combination will make Sabrina happy.

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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Question 52

Multiple Choice

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When a person or group takes action to increase their own surplus, but doesn't increase total surplus, it is called:

A) rational ignorance.
B) moral hazard.
C) free riding.
D) rent-seeking.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

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Question 53

Multiple Choice

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Plurality voting _______ of the criteria for an ideal voting system.

First-past-the-post voting entails:

Research has shown that the chance of one vote making a difference in an election is _______ percent.

Steel producers lobbying to keep imports out is an example of:

The consequence for society of the free rider problem is:

The table shown displays voters' preferences in an election. Which of the following statements is true?

When voting systems fall short of the ideal by violating the principle of transitivity, the _______ is sometimes crucial in shaping final outcomes.

A voter who chooses to remain ignorant when the opportunity cost of gathering information outweighs the benefit is displaying:

Which of the following is not one of the conditions that must exist for the median-voter theorem to hold?

The median-voter theorem suggests that the reason politicians go from extreme to moderate positions on an issue over the course of an election is because they are appealing to the _______ in the primary election and the _______ in the general election.

Consider an election with three candidates: X, Y, and Z. Suppose 52 percent of voters prefer X over Y and Y over Z, 48 percent of voters prefer Y over Z and Z over X, and 4 percent of voters prefer Z over Y and Y over X. The voting system is such that there is one round of voting, and the candidate with the most votes wins. If every voter votes for their most preferred candidate, candidate X will win. This voting system does not meet the criteria for an ideal voting system because the _______ criterion is violated.

If a group is voting on option X versus option Y, this decision should not depend on any information or preference about another unconnected option, Z. In other words, which of the following criterion must be present in this ideal voting system?

The table shown displays voters' preferences in an election. If a pairwise majority vote is held, and the first pair to be voted on is public transportation and a public zoo, which option will win overall?

The "independence of irrelevant alternatives" criterion is also known as the:

Research has shown that voters are more likely to turn out in elections with _______ electorates and when the election is likely to be _______.

What does unanimity as a criterion for an ideal voting system indicate?

According to the median-voter theorem, the chosen policy will be the one preferred by the:

Suppose everyone in a town prefers to spend the budget on improved public transportation systems over public parks, but also prefers spending on public parks over building a public zoo. A voting system that ensures zoo funding would never beat spending on transportation would demonstrate which criteria for an ideal voting system?