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Your local instant photocopying service charges 10 cents a copy up to 25 copies, 9 cents a copy for 26 to 99 copies, and 8 cents a copy for 100 copies or more. What kind of adjustment to its list or quoted price of 10 cents per copy is the photocopying service using?


A) experience curve pricing
B) loss-leader pricing
C) a quantity discount
D) a promotional discount
E) everyday low pricing

F) A) and D)
G) C) and E)

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The price-setting process identifies pricing objectives and constraints. Describe the reasons these objectives may change and give examples of objectives a firm may set.

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Pricing objectives involve specifying th...

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Standard markup pricing is considered to be a ________ approach to pricing.


A) demand-oriented
B) profit-oriented
C) cost-oriented
D) competition-oriented
E) service-oriented

F) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

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Explain why odd-even pricing may be successful.

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Odd-even pricing presumes that...

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Susan hired an attorney to represent her in a court case involving an auto accident. The attorney charged her a $2,000 retainer fee for the services. Terry needed a haircut; the local stylist charged him $22 for his services. Aaron mowed his neighbor's lawn; in exchange, the neighbor repaired his gutters. The attorney fees, the $12 charged by the hair stylist, and the exchange of lawn mowing for gutter repair are all examples of


A) premiums.
B) barter.
C) the profit motive.
D) price.
E) outlays.

F) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

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RadioShack, an electronics retail chain, couldn't compete with the prices offered by other retailers. The company enacted price-matching programs and promoted large discounts on its merchandise to raise cash and hopefully stave off bankruptcy. The best pricing objective at this point for RadioShack most likely was


A) profit.
B) market share.
C) unit volume.
D) survival.
E) social responsibility.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

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When Dell sells various laptops, it also preinstalls Microsoft Office and other software that customers order at a discount before the laptop is shipped. This is an example of


A) price lining.
B) product-line pricing.
C) bundle pricing.
D) customary pricing.
E) prestige pricing.

F) D) and E)
G) A) and D)

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Two or more competitors explicitly or implicitly setting prices is referred to as


A) competitive collusion.
B) vertical price fixing.
C) horizontal price fixing.
D) lateral price fixing.
E) price cooperation.

F) B) and E)
G) None of the above

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To encourage buyers to stock inventory earlier than their normal demand would require, manufacturers often use


A) quantity discounts.
B) quarterly discounts.
C) seasonal discounts.
D) trade discounts.
E) functional discounts.

F) D) and E)
G) A) and C)

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The first Apple iPhone was introduced in 2007 at an initial price of $600. People waited in line overnight so they could be one of the first to own this unique smartphone. Which pricing strategy did Apple use to help recoup its costs for developing the smartphone?


A) penetration pricing
B) experience curve pricing
C) customary pricing
D) skimming pricing
E) target pricing

F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

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All of the following are competition-oriented approaches to selecting an approximate price level except which?


A) loss-leader pricing
B) customary pricing
C) above-market pricing
D) odd-even pricing
E) at-market pricing

F) B) and E)
G) A) and C)

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The most commonly used pricing method for business products is


A) target return on investment.
B) customary.
C) standard markup.
D) target profit.
E) cost-plus pricing.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and D)

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When Amazon introduced the latest Kindle Fire tablet at $49.99 and the average price of competitive models was $323, Amazon was using a ________ pricing strategy.


A) skimming
B) price lining
C) BOGO
D) penetration
E) loss-leader

F) A) and D)
G) C) and E)

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Summing the total unit cost of providing a product or service and adding a specific amount to the cost to arrive at a price is referred to as


A) standard markup pricing.
B) experience curve pricing.
C) cost-plus pricing.
D) product-line pricing.
E) target return-on-investment pricing.

F) D) and E)
G) A) and E)

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Fixed cost is


A) the sum of the expenses of the firm that vary directly with the quantity of a product that is produced and sold.
B) the total expense incurred by a firm in producing and marketing a product, which equals the sum of overhead cost and variable cost.
C) the sum of the expenses of the firm that are stable and do not change with the quantity of a product that is produced and sold.
D) the average amount of money received for selling one unit of a product or simply the price of that unit.
E) the change in expenses that results from producing and marketing one additional unit of a product.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Tendollars.com offers thousands of gifts, all priced at $10. This is an example of


A) a skimming pricing approach.
B) a loss-leader pricing approach.
C) a one-price policy.
D) a penetration pricing approach.
E) an everyday low pricing approach.

F) B) and E)
G) C) and D)

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According to the profit equation, profit equals


A) Total cost + Total revenue.
B) Total revenue − Total cost.
C) Marginal revenue − Marginal cost.
D) Price × Quantity.
E) Total revenue + Marginal cost.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

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Lady Marion Seafood, Inc., sells five-pound packages of Alaskan salmon. Assume that its unit variable cost per package is $30 and its fixed cost is $250,000. It wants a target profit of $38,000 based on a volume of 16,000 packages. What should the firm charge for a five-pound package of salmon?


A) $25.00
B) $33.94
C) $40.00
D) $48.00
E) $61.25

F) B) and C)
G) B) and E)

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Mrs. Renfro's, Inc., sells 25 different relishes in 45 different states. Its Chipotle Corn Salsa is so popular that the company struggles to keep its resellers stocked. At $4.50 a jar, its price seems just right to consumers who savor its hot and spicy taste. The popularity of spicy food is an example of a ________ on which Mrs. Renfro's has capitalized.


A) barter factor
B) demand factor
C) supply factor
D) consumer index
E) macroeconomic environmental factor

F) A) and D)
G) B) and D)

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Cash payments or an extra amount of free goods awarded sellers in the channel for undertaking certain advertising or selling activities to promote the product is referred to as a


A) promotional allowance.
B) promotional quantity discount.
C) seasonal discount.
D) promotional purchase inducement.
E) dynamic pricing policy.

F) B) and D)
G) A) and E)

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