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The total money received from the sale of a product is referred to as


A) profit.
B) total revenue.
C) average revenue.
D) marginal revenue.
E) derived demand.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and C)

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Which of the following statements regarding pricing constraints is most accurate?


A) When a product is in the introductory stage of the product life cycle, the initial price must be low since consumers don't know what the product can do.
B) Patents and limited competition earlier in the life cycle mean that higher prices can usually be charged for new products.
C) The greater the number of products in a company's product line, the less the product features of similar products can affect price.
D) The newest addition to a company's product line should always have the highest price in order to maintain the value of existing brands.
E) To avoid cannibalization, the newest product addition to a company's product line should never have a price lower than the other offerings in the line.

F) C) and E)
G) A) and B)

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Marketing two or more products in a single package price is referred to as


A) package pricing.
B) loss-leader pricing.
C) bundle pricing.
D) tie-in pricing.
E) multiproduct pricing.

F) A) and C)
G) A) and D)

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What are the three major steps involved in setting prices?

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Step 1: Select an approximate price leve...

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Rent, executive salaries, and insurance are typical examples of


A) variable costs.
B) fixed costs.
C) unit costs.
D) marginal costs.
E) total costs.

F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

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For most products, it is difficult to identify a specific market price for a product or product class. Still, marketing managers often have a subjective feel for the competitors' price or market price. Using this benchmark, they then may deliberately choose a strategy of


A) above-, at-, or below-market pricing.
B) loss-leader pricing.
C) penetration pricing.
D) standard markup pricing.
E) experience curve pricing.

F) C) and E)
G) B) and E)

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Three pricing objectives relate to a firm's profit. In one known as ________, a company gives up immediate profit in exchange for achieving a higher market share in the hopes of penetrating competitive markets.


A) maximizing current profit
B) target return
C) break-even strategy
D) minimizing risk
E) managing for long-run profits

F) B) and E)
G) A) and C)

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The quantity at which total revenue and total cost are equal is referred to as


A) the tipping point.
B) the profitability point.
C) incremental return on investment.
D) the break-even point.
E) sustainability.

F) C) and E)
G) A) and C)

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  Figure 11-6a -In the break-even chart in Figure 11-7a above, the wedge ABC represents the firm's A)  fixed costs. B)  break-even point. C)  loss. D)  profit. E)  total revenue. Figure 11-6a -In the break-even chart in Figure 11-7a above, the wedge ABC represents the firm's


A) fixed costs.
B) break-even point.
C) loss.
D) profit.
E) total revenue.

F) D) and E)
G) A) and D)

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A conspiracy among firms to set prices for a product is referred to as


A) price discrimination.
B) price fixing.
C) predatory pricing.
D) tying arrangements.
E) exclusive dealing.

F) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

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Why do manufacturers offer seasonal discounts to channel members? Provide an example of how one would work.

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To encourage buyers to stock inventory e...

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The latest in appliance technology allows your refrigerator to send messages to your smart phone and even photos of the interior to remind you of what you need to pick up at the store. Taking advantage of strong consumer demand for technology-enabled products, marketers set prices for these refrigerators at thousands above other models. These marketers are using a ________ pricing strategy.


A) skimming
B) penetration
C) loss leader
D) price lining
E) bundle

F) A) and B)
G) D) and E)

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What type of discount to resellers is based in part on where they are in the channel?


A) seasonal discounts
B) trade discounts
C) cash discounts
D) promotional allowances
E) trade-in allowances

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Consumers buy water and soda from vending machines. Usually the price of each of these products is about $1.50. If a marketer charges a significantly higher price for such products dispensed by vending machines, such as $2.50 per item, sales are likely to decline. In order to avoid declines in sales, marketers tend to be very consistent in the prices they charge for vending machine products. This is an example of marketers employing a ________ strategy.


A) below-market pricing
B) skimming pricing
C) penetration pricing
D) loss-leader pricing
E) customary pricing

F) None of the above
G) A) and B)

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  Figure 11-2 -Figure 11-2 above represents the four approaches to selecting an appropriate price level. Box A represents which approach? A)  cost-oriented approach B)  profit-oriented approach C)  competition-oriented approach D)  demand-oriented approach E)  results-oriented approach Figure 11-2 -Figure 11-2 above represents the four approaches to selecting an appropriate price level. Box A represents which approach?


A) cost-oriented approach
B) profit-oriented approach
C) competition-oriented approach
D) demand-oriented approach
E) results-oriented approach

F) All of the above
G) B) and E)

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A target return profit pricing objective implies that a company chooses to


A) set targets whose performance can be measured quickly.
B) give up immediate profit in exchange for achieving a higher market share in hopes of penetrating competitive markets.
C) set a profit goal that is often determined by its board of directors.
D) reduce investment in any further market or product research.
E) set prices based on return on sales.

F) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

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After setting an approximate price level, the marketer proceeds to which step of the price-setting process?


A) defining the scope of the product
B) seeking regulatory approval for the price point
C) setting the list or quoted price
D) evaluating the success of the price strategy
E) making special adjustments to the list price

F) B) and D)
G) All of the above

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The ________ paid for products and services goes by many names, like tuition for your education, rent for an apartment, interest on a bank credit card, and a premium for car insurance.


A) fee
B) value
C) cost
D) price
E) exchange rate

F) None of the above
G) D) and E)

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Which of the following illustrates movement along the demand curve?


A) Prices remain the same, but there is a significant increase in demand.
B) Prices remain the same, but there is a significant decrease in demand.
C) As the price is raised, the quantity demanded increases, assuming all demand factors stay the same.
D) As the price is lowered, the quantity demanded increases, assuming all demand factors stay the same.
E) Movement along the curve indicates that some significant event has taken place outside the organization that has affected demand.

F) A) and E)
G) C) and E)

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Describe a profit objective used by many Japanese manufacturing firms.

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Managing for long-run profits is a prici...

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