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For more than 30 years, Starkist put 6.5 ounces of tuna into its regular-sized can. Today, Starkist puts only 6.125 ounces of tuna into the same-size can but charges the same price. Georgia-Pacific reduced the content of its Brawny paper towel six-roll pack by 20 percent without lowering the price. There are two sides to the ethical argument about this practice: that of consumer advocates and that of manufacturers. What is the practice called and what is the basic position of each side?

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The practice is called downsizing, which...

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Which of the following occurs during the decline stage of the product life cycle?


A) Sales drop.
B) Flanking product lines are added.
C) The product becomes less vulnerable to changes in the marketing environment.
D) Promotional support is increased.
E) Competition becomes intense as more competitors enter the market.

F) B) and D)
G) D) and E)

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What is the marketing objective for the decline stage of the product life cycle?


A) harvesting
B) add outlets
C) stress differentiation
D) gain awareness
E) maintain brand loyalty

F) C) and E)
G) A) and D)

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A major factor in developing a service marketing strategy is ________ because of the inseparability of services from the producer.


A) product
B) price or distribution
C) promotion
D) place
E) process

F) B) and C)
G) All of the above

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Gillette budgeted $200 million in advertising to introduce the Fusion razor to male shavers. Such expenditures are often made to stimulate ________, the desire for the product class rather than for a specific brand, when there are few competitors with the same product.


A) secondary demand
B) introductory demand
C) primary demand
D) discretionary demand
E) selective demand

F) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

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All of the following marketing actions can be used by a firm to counteract barriers to product adoption except which?


A) offering money-back guarantees
B) targeting new consumers
C) conducting demonstrations
D) offering free samples
E) providing extensive usage instructions

F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

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A set of human characteristics associated with a brand name is referred to as


A) a symbolic brand.
B) a brand personality.
C) a brand psychographic.
D) a brand personification.
E) a product personification.

F) A) and E)
G) B) and E)

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  Figure 10-3 -The product life cycle shown in B in Figure 10-3 above is an example of a ________ product. A)  high-learning B)  fashion C)  low-learning D)  fad E)  generalized Figure 10-3 -The product life cycle shown in B in Figure 10-3 above is an example of a ________ product.


A) high-learning
B) fashion
C) low-learning
D) fad
E) generalized

F) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

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What is the marketing objective for the maturity stage of the product life cycle?


A) begin deletion
B) implement skimming
C) stress differentiation
D) gain awareness
E) maintain brand loyalty

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Pretzels were first introduced as a salty snack. Later, the product was repositioned as a low-fat snack in order to


A) respond to a competitor's head-to-head positioning strategy.
B) reach a new market.
C) catch a rising trend.
D) change the value offered.
E) change its target audience.

F) B) and C)
G) A) and C)

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Twitter uses a stylized blue or white bird with no text as its


A) copyright.
B) trade name.
C) patent.
D) logo.
E) label.

F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

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One of the most popular means to gain consumer trial is through


A) demonstrations.
B) free samples.
C) press releases.
D) celebrity endorsements.
E) product diffusion.

F) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

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If a firm's marketing dashboard displays a CDI of 120 for a consumer packaged good like Hawaiian Punch, this indicates which of the following?


A) a weak brand position in a segment
B) a strong brand position in a segment
C) above-average product category purchases by a market segment
D) below-average product category purchases by a market segment
E) There is not enough information to make any conclusions.

F) B) and E)
G) B) and C)

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  Figure 10-6 -Figure 10-6 above shows the sequential process of building brand equity. The third step is to elicit the proper consumer responses to a brand's identity and meaning. This step consists of two dimensions, D and E, which represent A)  brand identity and brand emotion. B)  brand performance and brand imagery. C)  consumer judgments and consumer feelings. D)  brand awareness and consumer-brand connection. E)  consumer feelings and brand imagery. Figure 10-6 -Figure 10-6 above shows the sequential process of building brand equity. The third step is to elicit the proper consumer responses to a brand's identity and meaning. This step consists of two dimensions, D and E, which represent


A) brand identity and brand emotion.
B) brand performance and brand imagery.
C) consumer judgments and consumer feelings.
D) brand awareness and consumer-brand connection.
E) consumer feelings and brand imagery.

F) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

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An aging baby boomer population has led to increased interest in developing and marketing products to satisfy the needs of this large market. As a result, moisturizing lotions and creams such as Oil of Olay are now repositioned as "age-defying" products. This is an example of which product repositioning action?


A) reaching a new market
B) reacting to a competitor's position
C) trading up
D) changing the value offered
E) product modification

F) C) and D)
G) A) and D)

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During the introduction stage of the product life cycle, ________ pricing strategy may be used. This pricing strategy charges a high initial price to recoup the costs of product development.


A) a penetration
B) a cost-plus
C) a target ROI
D) a skimming
E) an above-market

F) A) and C)
G) B) and C)

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Generally, the length of time it takes for a product category to move from the introduction stage to the decline stage of its product life cycle is


A) 18 months.
B) 5 to 10 years.
C) about 20 years.
D) about 30 years.
E) dependent of a variety of factors, including the type of product.

F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

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  Figure 10-1 -Figure 10-1 above represents the stages of the product life cycle. What does the section of the graph labeled C represent? A)  consolidation B)  maturity C)  growth D)  stabilization E)  decline Figure 10-1 -Figure 10-1 above represents the stages of the product life cycle. What does the section of the graph labeled C represent?


A) consolidation
B) maturity
C) growth
D) stabilization
E) decline

F) A) and C)
G) D) and E)

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Many nonprofit organizations use PSAs in their media planning. What does the acronym PSA stand for?


A) public stakeholder agreement
B) promotional service amendment
C) public sustainability amendment
D) promotional setting announcement
E) public service announcement

F) C) and E)
G) A) and B)

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Imagine that Post Foods introduces a cereal bar-Trail Mix Crunch-just like those Kellogg's and General Mills already have on the market. Post has decided to promote the bars using ads without coupons and to price the bars at about the same price as these other brands. Post Trail Mix Crunch cereal bars will also be distributed to the same stores as the products from Kellogg's and General Mills. Which of the following barriers to new-product adoption will most likely prevent the Post Trail Mix Crunch cereal bars from being a successful product?


A) value barrier
B) psychological barrier
C) risk barrier
D) usage barrier
E) social barrier

F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

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