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A person's ability to perceive differences in stimuli is referred to as


A) selective comprehension.
B) selective retention.
C) stimulus generalization.
D) stimulus discrimination.
E) routine problem solving.

F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

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An ad for Brink's Home Security shows a woman using her treadmill, unaware that would-be robbers are just outside. They break down the front door, are startled by a loud alarm, and then run away. The woman answers an immediate call from the security company, and a representative reassures her that help is on the way. The ad is intended to appeal to which level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?


A) physiological needs
B) safety needs
C) social needs
D) personal needs
E) self-actualization needs

F) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

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  Figure 4-5 -In Figure 4-5, C represents the ________ influences that can affect the consumer purchase decision process. A)  sociocultural B)  economic C)  environmental D)  situational E)  market-dominated Figure 4-5 -In Figure 4-5, C represents the ________ influences that can affect the consumer purchase decision process.


A) sociocultural
B) economic
C) environmental
D) situational
E) market-dominated

F) B) and C)
G) C) and E)

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In behavioral learning, a ________ is the reward that is given to a consumer.


A) cue
B) stimulus
C) motivator
D) response
E) reinforcement

F) All of the above
G) B) and C)

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A reference group that a person wishes to maintain distance from because of differences in values or behaviors is referred to as ________ group.


A) a socialization
B) an associative
C) an aspiration
D) a dissociative
E) an antisocial

F) A) and D)
G) None of the above

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An opinion leader is an individual


A) within an organization who influences decision making.
B) who is able to use moral persuasion to get others to comply with the latest trends.
C) in an organization who encourages other paid individuals to forward marketer-initiated messages to others via e-mail, social networking, websites, and blogs.
D) who exerts direct or indirect social influence over others.
E) who is able and willing to cut red tape and move an organization's marketing program forward.

F) A) and D)
G) C) and E)

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Those behaviors that result from repeated experience and reasoning are referred to as


A) psychosocial edification.
B) acculturation.
C) attitudinal identification.
D) wisdom.
E) learning.

F) A) and C)
G) B) and D)

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About what percentage of adults is considered to be opinion leaders?


A) 1 percent
B) 5 percent
C) 10 percent
D) 25 percent
E) It depends upon the type of product.

F) A) and C)
G) C) and E)

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Louie is selecting a bottle of wine and passes up his usual choice for a more expensive one because he plans to bring it to a dinner party that evening. This is an example of which situational influence?


A) purchase task
B) social surroundings
C) physical surroundings
D) temporal effects
E) antecedent states

F) B) and D)
G) D) and E)

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Compliance and aggression are ________ that have implications for a consumer's purchasing behavior.


A) personality traits
B) personas
C) self-concepts
D) core values
E) needs

F) B) and C)
G) B) and D)

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Consumer behavior includes the actions a person takes in purchasing services and using products and services, including


A) the physical effort spent on these actions.
B) the financial limitations one must overcome to accomplish these actions.
C) the mental and social processes that come before and after these actions.
D) the emotional processes that occur during these actions.
E) the cognitive and attitudinal processes that must be learned to complete these actions.

F) B) and E)
G) C) and D)

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VALS groups of consumers motivated by ________ are those who are guided by knowledge and principle.


A) ideals
B) achievement
C) self-expression
D) rewards
E) success

F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

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A learned predisposition to respond to an object or class of objects in a consistently favorable or unfavorable way is referred to as


A) an attitude.
B) a belief.
C) a value.
D) a motivation.
E) a perception.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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A consideration set refers to


A) the group of brands a consumer would consider acceptable from among all the brands in the product class of which he or she is aware.
B) the group of generic brands that a consumer would reluctantly consider acceptable.
C) the group of brands of which a consumer is aware.
D) all possible competitive product substitutes that may satisfy a consumer's needs regardless of the product class.
E) those product alternatives a consumer has considered, including those deemed unacceptable.

F) B) and E)
G) C) and E)

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The group of brands a consumer would consider acceptable from among all the brands in the product class of which he or she is aware is referred to as the


A) evaluative set.
B) evolved set.
C) consideration set.
D) alternative selection group.
E) aspiration group.

F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

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Between classes, many college students stop at conveniently located vending machines for their favorite snacks and drinks. Their choices are generally made quickly and with little or no effort to consider alternative product offerings. These college students are most likely involved in ________ problem-solving purchase situations.


A) limited
B) routine
C) extensive
D) intensive
E) unlimited

F) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

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The set of values, ideas, and attitudes that are learned and shared among the members of a group is referred to as


A) national character.
B) culture.
C) social class.
D) code of ethics.
E) ethnic ideology.

F) None of the above
G) B) and D)

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The ________ is influenced by situational, psychological, sociocultural, and marketing mix influences.


A) consumer purchase decision process
B) organizational buying decision process
C) marketing research process
D) marketing program
E) consumer socialization process

F) None of the above
G) C) and D)

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A major shift in the needs of consumers using Coppertone products for their skin has been from ________ to ________.


A) moisturizing; anti-aging
B) sealing; exfoliating
C) healing; maintenance
D) tanning; protection
E) simplicity; convenience

F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

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In the VALS framework, consumers motivated by achievement look for products and services that demonstrate success to their peers or to a peer group they aspire to. One segment of the two achievement-motivated groups, known as ________, have high resources and a me-first, my family-first attitude. They are anchors of the status quo.


A) Experiencers
B) Believers
C) Makers
D) Achievers
E) Thinkers

F) B) and D)
G) A) and D)

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