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Gross income refers to


A) the money that remains after paying for taxes and necessities.
B) the money deducted from a person's paycheck to pay for federal, state, and local taxes.
C) the money a consumer has left after paying taxes to use for necessities such as food, shelter, clothing, and transportation.
D) the total amount of money made by a single individual during his or her lifetime.
E) the total amount of money made in one year by a person, household, or family unit.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and D)

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Many firms now use e-mail and the Internet to promote their products instead of sending promotional literature to current and prospective customers through the mail. UPS and FedEx continue to grow, offering both overnight and ground package delivery services. As a result, the U.S. Postal Service (USPS) has lost millions of customers and billions in revenue. The USPS has challenges ahead in coping with ________ forces in the marketplace.


A) economic
B) competitive
C) legal
D) social
E) ecological

F) C) and E)
G) A) and C)

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Oral-B toothbrushes now connect to your smartphone to provide real-time feedback on your brushing. This is an example of how ________ forces help improve or replace existing products and companies.


A) ecological
B) regulatory
C) legal
D) competitive
E) technological

F) A) and E)
G) B) and D)

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An important social trend is the continued concern for health and well-being in the United States. This is most likely evidenced by which of the following?


A) the increased sales of Cigar Aficionado magazine.
B) the introduction of Lay's Kettle Cooked potato chips, which have 40 percent less fat than regular potato chips.
C) the opening of more Starbucks coffee boutiques in supermarkets.
D) the upsizing of menu items at fast-food restaurants.
E) the introduction of virtual reality headsets such as the Oculus Rift.

F) A) and B)
G) None of the above

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Disposable income refers to


A) the money that remains before paying for taxes and necessities.
B) the money deducted from a person's paycheck to pay for federal, state, and local taxes.
C) the total amount of money made by a single individual during his or her lifetime.
D) the money a consumer has left after paying taxes to use for necessities such as food, shelter, clothing, and transportation.
E) the money that is spent for necessities or charitable causes that is exempt from taxation.

F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

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All of the following are the result of an interest in the triple-bottom line except which?


A) sustainable development
B) cause marketing
C) environmental scans
D) green marketing
E) social audits

F) C) and D)
G) A) and C)

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Consumerism refers to


A) a movement of conspicuous consumption that began when World War II ended.
B) conducting business in a way that protects the natural environment while making economic progress.
C) a collaborative effort between buyers and sellers to create an exchange where each benefit.
D) the recognition of the need for organizations to improve the state of people, the planet, and profit simultaneously if they are to achieve sustainable, long-term growth.
E) the grassroots movement started in the 1960s to increase the influence, power, and rights of consumers in dealing with institutions.

F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

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Ethical exchanges between sellers and buyers should result in


A) the seller making a profit at the expense of the buyer.
B) the buyer getting the product for the best price at the expense of the seller.
C) both parties to the exchange being better off after a transaction.
D) the seller offering buyers its products and services at cost, especially during a period of recession.
E) the buyer forming a strategic alliance with the seller.

F) None of the above
G) B) and E)

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Describe each of the three factors included in the framework for understanding ethical behavior that influence one's personal moral philosophy and ethical behavior.

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The three major factors affecting busine...

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Society's values and standards that are enforceable in the courts are referred to as


A) situational ethics.
B) cultural norms.
C) industry practices.
D) laws.
E) the Consumer Bill of Rights.

F) B) and C)
G) B) and E)

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A personal moral philosophy that considers individual rights or duties as universal, regardless of the outcome, is referred to as


A) social responsibility.
B) moral idealism.
C) utilitarianism.
D) hedonism.
E) religion.

F) C) and D)
G) A) and C)

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Income used to buy luxury items, such as a voyage aboard Cunard's Queen Mary 2, is referred to as


A) gross income.
B) disposable income.
C) surplus income.
D) wealth income.
E) discretionary income.

F) A) and E)
G) D) and E)

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In an inflationary economy, the cost to produce and buy products and services ________ as prices ________.


A) increases; increase
B) increases; decrease
C) decreases; increase
D) decreases; decrease
E) does not change; increase

F) A) and E)
G) None of the above

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Changes in ________ have a psychological impact on consumers who tend to spend more when they feel their net worth is rising and postpone purchases when it declines.


A) automobile prices
B) fuel prices
C) the number of people competing for jobs
D) consumer confidence
E) home values

F) C) and D)
G) All of the above

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The form of competition where just a few companies control the majority of industry sales is referred to as


A) pure competition.
B) cross-market competition.
C) an oligopoly.
D) monopolistic competition.
E) a monopoly.

F) D) and E)
G) A) and D)

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The moral principles and values that govern the actions and decisions of an individual or group are referred to as


A) social norms.
B) cultural values.
C) ethics.
D) societal philosophy.
E) religion.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

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Profit responsibility refers to


A) the obligation of a firm to price its products or services at a level whereby the consumer is treated fairly and the firm is still able to make a profit.
B) the view that an organization has an obligation to those who can affect the achievement of its objectives.
C) the concept that no expansion or additional research and development will occur until a company is making a profit.
D) the idea that organizations are part of a larger society and are accountable to that society for their actions.
E) the duty of a firm to maximize financial returns for its owners or stockholders.

F) D) and E)
G) A) and E)

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An increasing percentage of turkeys are now being marketed as "free range." Consumers typically pay $1 more per pound for free-range turkeys, which are thought to have lived more "humane" or "avian" lives-and as a result, to taste better than conventionally raised turkeys. The USDA defines a free-range bird as one that has been allowed "access to the out-of-doors." Are turkey growers who allow their birds to access the out-of-doors only moments before they are killed acting in a socially responsible manner?

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To answer this question, students will n...

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When a firm or business displays the Better Business Bureau (BBB) Accredited Business logo on its store window or website, it assures consumers that


A) the company's products comply with current safety standards set by the Consumer Product Safety Commission.
B) it is a member of a voluntary alliance of companies whose goal is to help maintain fair business practices.
C) the firm has met the standards for qualification as a green marketing firm.
D) the firm takes a proactive stance on diversity in the workplace.
E) the company incorporates sustainable business practices.

F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

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Sustainable development refers to


A) placing restraints on a company's growth until all ancillary support services are in place to ensure a new venture's success.
B) global economies that are slowly moving from an agrarian-base to an industrial base.
C) adhering to worldwide standards for environmental quality and green marketing practices.
D) marketing efforts to produce, promote, and reclaim environmentally sensitive products.
E) conducting business in a way that protects the natural environment while making economic progress.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and C)

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