Question 1

Why is it necessary to "starve" the donor cells prior to reproductive cloning?

Accepted Answer

A)   to force the cells into G 0 stage so that they will respond to cytoplasmic growth signals
B)   to force the enucleated egg cell into G 0 stage so that it would accept the donor nucleus
C)   to lengthen the telomeres in the donor nucleus
D)   to make the nucleus "start over" in the S stage so that the nucleus will be diploid
E)   to make the nucleus "start over" in the S stage so that the nucleus will be haploidF) C) and D)
G) B) and E) A

Question 2

The study of comparative genomics has given researchers the ability to look at multiple genomes from different species, which has lead to new ideas about the evolutionary history of organisms. The conclusion is that

Accepted Answer

A)   modern vertebrate species have very little similarity between their genomes.
B)   modern vertebrate species all evolved from the different ancestors.
C)   the genomes of modern vertebrate species and modern bacterial species are 98% similar.
D)   the genomes of all modern verterbrates are very similar.
E)   the genomes of modern bacteria contain 85% more genes than that of modern vertebrates.F) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 3

Based on genomic studies, when did a change in gene sequences occur that lead to a change in the way that the brain processes speech?

Accepted Answer

A)   between 1 and 6 million years ago
B)   between 4 and 9 million years ago
C)   between 10,000 and 100,000 years ago
D)   approximately 25,000 years ago
E)   approximately 12,000 years agoF) B) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 4

The CRISPR system involves the Cas9 enzyme, which identifies specific nucleotides to be cut using a(n)  ________ molecule as a guide to identify the proper DNA sequence to edit.

Accepted Answer

A)   RNA
B)   DNA
C)   protein
D)   virus
E)   helicaseF) B) and E)
G) A) and B) A

Question 5

Cells from the root of a carrot may be used to generate an entire carrot plant. This illustrates that

Accepted Answer

A)   only cells of the root contain the plant's genes.
B)   every cell of the root contains all of the plant's genes.
C)   plants are easier to clone than animals.
D)   carrots may be used for therapeutic cloning.
E)   a carrot's roots contain all of the tissues of an adult plant.F) A) and B)
G) D) and E)

Question 6

Which of the following describes a way that DNA fingerprinting can be useful?

Accepted Answer

A)   DNA fingerprinting can be used to identify a viral infection.
B)   DNA fingerprinting can be used to identify a suspected rapist.
C)   DNA fingerprinting can be used to identify the remains of an unknown person.
D)   DNA fingerprinting can be used to identify the parents of a child.
E)   All of the above describe uses for DNA fingerprinting.F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 7

Which of the following is used to insert the foreign gene when creating recombinant DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)   a vector
B)   restriction enzymes
C)   DNA ligase
D)   embryonic stem cells
E)   DNA helicaseF) A) and D)
G) C) and E)

Question 8

There are several methods of gene editing, including ________, the most widely used method.

Accepted Answer

A)   CRISPR
B)   CLUSTER
C)   Cas9
D)   PCR
E)   sequencingF) B) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 9

Which of the following is used to cleave DNA in order to create recombinant DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)   restriction enzymes
B)   DNA ligase
C)   DNA helicase
D)   vectors
E)   plasmidsF) C) and D)
G) B) and C) A

Question 10

What does the field of proteomics study?

Accepted Answer

A)   The structure and function of cellular proteins and how they interact to contribute to traits.
B)   The structure and function of cellular lipids and how they interact to contribute to traits.
C)   The structure of carbohydrates and how they are converted into a useable form of energy for the body.
D)   The structure of prions and how they can lead to various diseases within the body.
E)   The interaction between cellular proteins and how they make up the bulk of the cell membrane.F) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

Question 11

Specialized cells differ from one another because they

Accepted Answer

A)   only express certain genes.
B)   express all genes.
C)   turn off gene expression once specialized.
D)   may re-enter the cell cycle at any time.
E)   do not express any genes.F) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 12

Why do adult stem cells currently have fewer uses in therapeutic cloning than embryonic stem cells?

Accepted Answer

A)   Embryonic stem cells have longer telomeres and persist for much longer than adult stem cells.
B)   Embryonic stem cells are capable of reverting to a G 0 stage when starved.
C)   Adult stem cells may become any type of cell, whereas embryonic stem cells may only become adult stem cells first.
D)   Embryonic stem cells may become any type of cell, whereas adult stem cells may only become a limited number of cell types.
E)   Adult stem cells have more restrictions that prevent them from re-entering the cell cycle at the G 0 stage.F) A) and C)
G) B) and D)

Question 13

Therapeutic cloning can

Accepted Answer

A)   produce clones of adult individuals.
B)   be used to produce superior farm animals.
C)   produce specialized cells to treat human disease.
D)   be used to create new species of plants.
E)   produce embryonic stem cells.F) B) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 14

DNA ligase

Accepted Answer

A)   produces many copies of an unknown piece of DNA.
B)   makes copies of a foreign gene for use in making recombinant DNA.
C)   is used to produce DNA fingerprints of a crime scene suspect.
D)   amplifies mitochondrial DNA sequences.
E)   links two DNA molecules together.F) All of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 15

In order to clone adult animals, scientists typically begin with a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   isolated sperm cell.
B)   enucleated egg.
C)   enucleated liver cell.
D)   red blood cell.
E)   enucleated sperm cell.F) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 16

How genetically similar are humans and mice?

Accepted Answer

A)   85%
B)   90%
C)   98%
D)   45%
E)   There is no genetic similarity between humans and mice.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 17

Which gene on chromosome 22 is believed to have made a difference in the evolution of humans compared to that of chimpanzees?

Accepted Answer

A)   The gene for proper speech development.
B)   The gene for smell.
C)   The gene for hearing.
D)   The gene for blood type.
E)   The gene for social behaviors.F) A) and C)
G) C) and D)

Question 18

Because of the area of study that it addresses, proteomics will play an important role in which of the following fields?

Accepted Answer

A)   The development of new drugs for the treatment of disease.
B)   The development of new surgical techniques.
C)   The development of new transgenic food crops.
D)   The development of new transgenic domesticated animals.
E)   Genetic alterations to unborn children that will eliminate potential health problems.F) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 19

Which organisms have been modified to produce insulin, blood clotting factor VIII, and human growth hormone?

Accepted Answer

A)   bacteria
B)   goats
C)   cows
D)   corn
E)   soy beansF) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 20

Which of the following is a possible use for transgenic organisms?

Accepted Answer

A)   bacteria that degrade oil
B)   corn plants that are resistant to herbicides
C)   cattle that secrete therapeutic proteins into their milk
D)   carrots that produce influenza virus proteins that can be used as vaccines
E)   All of the above describe possible uses of transgenic organisms.F) A) and C)
G) A) and E)

Exam 12: Biotechnology and Genomics

Why is it necessary to "starve" the donor cells prior to reproductive cloning?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

The study of comparative genomics has given researchers the ability to look at multiple genomes from different species, which has lead to new ideas about the evolutionary history of organisms. The conclusion is that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Based on genomic studies, when did a change in gene sequences occur that lead to a change in the way that the brain processes speech?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The CRISPR system involves the Cas9 enzyme, which identifies specific nucleotides to be cut using a(n) ________ molecule as a guide to identify the proper DNA sequence to edit.

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Cells from the root of a carrot may be used to generate an entire carrot plant. This illustrates that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following describes a way that DNA fingerprinting can be useful?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is used to insert the foreign gene when creating recombinant DNA?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

There are several methods of gene editing, including ________, the most widely used method.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is used to cleave DNA in order to create recombinant DNA?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

What does the field of proteomics study?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Specialized cells differ from one another because they

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why do adult stem cells currently have fewer uses in therapeutic cloning than embryonic stem cells?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Therapeutic cloning can

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

DNA ligase

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In order to clone adult animals, scientists typically begin with a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How genetically similar are humans and mice?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which gene on chromosome 22 is believed to have made a difference in the evolution of humans compared to that of chimpanzees?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Because of the area of study that it addresses, proteomics will play an important role in which of the following fields?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which organisms have been modified to produce insulin, blood clotting factor VIII, and human growth hormone?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a possible use for transgenic organisms?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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