Question 1

You've been working outside in the hot sun and are dripping wet with sweat. Your fluid intake has been minimal as you have been too busy to stop and get a drink. You would expect

Accepted Answer

A)   your blood osmolality to be low.
B)   an increase in the production of urine.
C)   aldosterone levels to decrease.
D)   ADH levels to increase.
E)   ADH levels to decrease.F) A) and E)
G) D) and E)

Question 2

A force that causes the movement of fluid out of the capillary is

Accepted Answer

A)   blood pressure.
B)   positive interstitial pressure.
C)   blood colloid osmotic pressure.
D)   critical closing pressure.
E)   lymph pressure.F) None of the above
G) B) and E)

Question 3

Which of the following fluid compartments contains the largest volume of water?

Accepted Answer

A)   plasma
B)   interstitial compartment
C)   intracellular compartment
D)   extracellular compartment
E)   lymphF) C) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 4

Loss of water through diffusion and evaporation from the skin is called __________ and is important in ____________ control.

Accepted Answer

A)   insensible perspiration; blood volume
B)   insensible perspiration; heat loss
C)   sensible perspiration; blood volume
D)   sensible perspiration; temperatureE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 5

Calcium's roles in the body include

Accepted Answer

A)   bone health.
B)   muscle contraction.
C)   blood clotting.
D)   action potentials in heart muscle.
E)   All of these choices are correct.F) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 6

Which of the following individuals would have the largest percentage of their bodyweight as water?

Accepted Answer

A)   a 7-month-old female
B)   a lean 35-year-old male athlete
C)   a chunky 52-year-old male athlete
D)   a healthy 88-year-old male
E)   an adult female marathon runnerF) All of the above
G) A) and D)

Question 7

The major route of excretion for sodium ions (under normal conditions)  is the

Accepted Answer

A)   skin.
B)   kidney.
C)   GI tract.
D)   adrenal cortex.
E)   sweat.F) A) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 8

Chloride ions

Accepted Answer

A)   are cations.
B)   are found only inside cells.
C)   are part of the DNA molecule.
D)   are regulated with Na+.
E)   are not found in extracellular fluid.F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 9

The predominant extracellular anion is

Accepted Answer

A)   protein.
B)   phosphate.
C)   bicarbonate.
D)   chloride.
E)   sodium.F) All of the above
G) A) and E)

Question 10

Water moves back and forth across the plasma membrane by the process of

Accepted Answer

A)   osmosis.
B)   filtration.
C)   facilitated diffusion.
D)   active transport.
E)   endocytosis.F) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 11

An increase in blood CO2 levels is followed by a(n)  ____ in H+ ions and a(n)  ____ in blood pH.

Accepted Answer

A)   decrease, decrease
B)   decrease, increase
C)   increase, increase
D)   increase, decrease
E)   increase, no changeF) A) and B)
G) All of the above

Question 12

A decrease in plasma osmolality would increase

Accepted Answer

A)   ADH production.
B)   plasma sodium levels.
C)   renin production.
D)   urine production.
E)   thirst.F) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 13

The K+ level of 2.8 mEq/L indicates hypokalemia. Low plasma K+ levels will cause

Accepted Answer

A)   thirst.
B)   muscle weakness.
C)   increased body temperature.
D)   tremors, tetany, and convulsions.
E)   paralysis.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 14

In renal compensation of acidosis,

Accepted Answer

A)   H+ secretion decreases; bicarbonate excretion increases.
B)   H+ secretion decreases; bicarbonate reabsorption increases.
C)   H+ secretion increases; bicarbonate reabsorption increases.
D)   H+ secretion increases; bicarbonate excretion increases.
E)   H+ secretion decreases; bicarbonate excretion decreases.F) B) and C)
G) C) and D)

Question 15

Aldosterone secretion may be stimulated by

Accepted Answer

A)   ADH.
B)   elevated potassium levels.
C)   excess water intake.
D)   elevated sodium levels.
E)   low potassium levels.F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a buffer system of the body?

Accepted Answer

A)   bicarbonate buffer system
B)   phosphate buffer system
C)   protein buffer system
D)   NaCl buffer system
E)   hemoglobin bufferF) B) and C)
G) B) and E)

Question 17

The main regulator of serum phosphate levels is a transport process in the

Accepted Answer

A)   liver.
B)   kidneys.
C)   pancreas.
D)   small intestine.
E)   large intestine.F) A) and B)
G) All of the above

Question 18

Angiotensin II increases blood volume by stimulating

Accepted Answer

A)   thirst.
B)   vasodilatation.
C)   water movement into the cells.
D)   renal excretion of sodium.
E)   ADH production.F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 19

Which of the following represents the largest fluid compartment?

Accepted Answer

A)   Intracellular fluid
B)   Extracellular fluid
C)   Interstitial fluid
D)   Blood plasma
E)   LymphF) A) and B)
G) None of the above

Question 20

An increase in the osmolarity of the extracellular fluid will trigger a(n)  ___________ in the secretion of ADH and a(n)  ____________ in thirst.

Accepted Answer

A)   increase; increase
B)   increase; decrease
C)   decrease; decrease
D)   decrease; increaseE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Exam 27: Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Based Balance

An increase in the osmolarity of the extracellular fluid will trigger a(n) ___________ in the secretion of ADH and a(n) ____________ in thirst.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following represents the largest fluid compartment?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A decrease in plasma osmolality would increase

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following individuals would have the largest percentage of their bodyweight as water?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The major route of excretion for sodium ions (under normal conditions) is the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following fluid compartments contains the largest volume of water?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The main regulator of serum phosphate levels is a transport process in the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You've been working outside in the hot sun and are dripping wet with sweat. Your fluid intake has been minimal as you have been too busy to stop and get a drink. You would expect

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Calcium's roles in the body include

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Chloride ions

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Loss of water through diffusion and evaporation from the skin is called __________ and is important in ____________ control.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The K+ level of 2.8 mEq/L indicates hypokalemia. Low plasma K+ levels will cause

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Water moves back and forth across the plasma membrane by the process of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In renal compensation of acidosis,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Aldosterone secretion may be stimulated by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Angiotensin II increases blood volume by stimulating

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A force that causes the movement of fluid out of the capillary is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The predominant extracellular anion is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT a buffer system of the body?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An increase in blood CO2 levels is followed by a(n) ____ in H+ ions and a(n) ____ in blood pH.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An increase in the osmolarity of the extracellular fluid will trigger a(n) _ in the secretion of ADH and a(n) __ in thirst.

Correct Answer
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Loss of water through diffusion and evaporation from the skin is called and is important in __ control.

Correct Answer
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The K⁺ level of 2.8 mEq/L indicates hypokalemia. Low plasma K⁺ levels will cause

Correct Answer
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An increase in blood CO₂ levels is followed by a(n) in H⁺ ions and a(n) in blood pH.

Correct Answer
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