Question 1

The idea that our inherited tendencies influence the probability that we will encounter stressful life events is a characteristic of the

Accepted Answer

A)  diathesis-stress model.
B)  reciprocal gene-environment model.
C)  genetic model.
D)  psycho-social model.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 2

The fact that depression can be caused by mental illness or drug use is an example of how

Accepted Answer

A)  once a process has begun, it will always lead to a final outcome.
B)  many causes of psychopathology are equal in influence.
C)  a number of paths can lead to the same outcome.
D)  all forms of psychopathology have similar causes.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 3

Regarding the research on socialisation and health, the safest conclusion is that

Accepted Answer

A)  social support is important but mostly for those individuals who are at high risk for various physical or psychological disorders.
B)  having a supportive group of people around us is important to our physical health but not our psychological well-being.
C)  having a supportive group of people around us is important to our psychological well-being but not our physical health.
D)  having a supportive group of people around us is one of the most important parts of maintaining our physical and mental health.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 4

People who have many social contacts and live their lives continually interacting with others

Accepted Answer

A)  develop more infections and have poorer overall health.
B)  have not been found to differ on any health outcome.
C)  often suffer from psychological disorders such as dependency.
D)  live longer and healthier lives.E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 5

Depression and schizophrenia seem to appear in all cultures but tend to be characterised by different symptoms within individual cultures.For example, depression in Western culture is generally characterised by feelings of guilt and inadequacy, whereas in developing countries it is characterised by physical distress such as fatigue or illness. This is most likely due to

Accepted Answer

A)  genetic differences between individuals living in different cultures.
B)  differences in treatment provided in different cultures.
C)  reasons that our current methods of study are incapable of understanding.
D)  the fact that social and cultural factors influence psychopathology.E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 6

The area between the axon of one neurone and the dendrite of another neurone is the

Accepted Answer

A)  axon terminal.
B)  soma.
C)  synaptic cleft.
D)  transmission cleft.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 7

Tshepo is 64 years old.Although continuously faced with considerable stress and difficulty in his life, he always displays an optimistic, upbeat attitude.According to research, Meno should

Accepted Answer

A)  probably live longer than those without such positive attitudes.
B)  live about the same length of time as those without such positive attitudes.
C)  be less likely to have heart disease than those without such positive attitudes
D)  be more likely to be involved with positive community activities than those without such positive attitudes.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 8

Looking at the findings of many cross-fostering studies (Francis et al., 1999, Suomi, 1999, Tienari et al., 1994) , it appears that positive interventions such as good parenting in early life may

Accepted Answer

A)  have little effect in terms of preventing psychopathology in those genetically predisposed to such conditions.
B)  dramatically change the genetics of individuals genetically predisposed to psychopathology.
C)  have a greater effect on future generations than on the individual exposed to the 'good parenting'.
D)  override the genetically influenced tendency to develop psychopathology in later life.E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 9

The most accurate way to think of genes is that they

Accepted Answer

A)  set boundaries for our development.
B)  determine both our physical and psychological characteristics.
C)  determine physical but not psychological characteristics.
D)  actually have very little to do with any of the characteristics that we display.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 10

The most recent estimates are that genetics contribute approximately __________ to the development of personality characteristics such as shyness or activity level.

Accepted Answer

A)  10-20%
B)  30-50%
C)  75-85%
D)  nothingE) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 11

The ____________ co-ordinates movement with sensory input and contains parts of the reticular activating system.

Accepted Answer

A)  hindbrain
B)  midbrain
C)  cerebral cortex
D)  forebrainE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 12

Psychoactive medications (drugs that impact our thoughts, emotions and behaviour) usually alter neurotransmitters in the brain.Explain how both an agonist and an antagonist operate on a neurotransmitter.Explain the process of blocking reuptake and the effect it has on a neurotransmitter.

Accepted Answer

Agonists increase the effects of a trans...

Question 13

According to the diathesis-stress model,

Accepted Answer

A)  mental disorders will always develop given a certain level of stress.
B)  once a diathesis for a particular disorder is inherited, the disorder will eventually develop.
C)  an individual's inherited tendencies are not affected by stressful life events he or she encounters.
D)  it is possible to inherit a diathesis and never develop a disorder.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 14

In the 1992 studies conducted by Baxter et al., OCD patients were provided with cognitive-behavioural therapy (exposure and response prevention)  but no drugs.This study is important because brain imaging showed that

Accepted Answer

A)  the neurotransmitter circuits of the brain had been normalised.
B)  the patients' OCD symptoms improved without changes in neurotransmitter function.
C)  neither OCD symptoms nor neurotransmitter function had improved.
D)  neurotransmitter circuits are the direct and only cause of OCD.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 15

The chemicals that allow the transmission of signals between neurones are called

Accepted Answer

A)  re-uptake inhibitors.
B)  hormones.
C)  neurotransmitters.
D)  genes.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 16

Studies regarding rat learning and brain structure by Greenough et al.(1990)  and Wallace et al.(1992)  suggest that

Accepted Answer

A)  early experiences such as learning cause physical changes in the brain.
B)  psychopathology is the result of early learning experiences.
C)  while psychopathology is often a result of early life experiences, it is generally due to the physical changes in the brain that such experiences cause.
D)  genetically caused brain structure problems can be corrected by positive life experiences.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 17

The network of glands that releases chemical messengers directly into the bloodstream is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  autonomic nervous system.
B)  somatic nervous system.
C)  limbic system.
D)  endocrine system.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 18

Amanda is 12 years old, and her sister Samantha is five years old.While riding in a car with their parents, the girls witness a major automobile accident where a number of people are injured.The girls react very differently to the accident.This is probably due to

Accepted Answer

A)  biological differences.
B)  developmental differences.
C)  psychological differences
D)  sociocultural differencesE) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 19

According to your text's discussion of how neurotransmitters such as serotonin work, the term 'biochemical imbalance' to describe the cause of disorders such as depression is probably

Accepted Answer

A)  an oversimplification.
B)  about accurate.
C)  completely incorrect.
D)  a perfect description.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 20

Inga is a charming and intelligent young lady who is well liked by family and friends.Approximately ______ of Inga's enduring personality traits and cognitive abilities can be attributed to genetic influence.

Accepted Answer

A)  25%
B)  50%
C)  75%
D)  100%E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Exam 2: An Integrative Approach to Psychopathology

Inga is a charming and intelligent young lady who is well liked by family and friends.Approximately ______ of Inga's enduring personality traits and cognitive abilities can be attributed to genetic influence.

Correct Answer
verified

The network of glands that releases chemical messengers directly into the bloodstream is called the

Correct Answer
verified

The ____________ co-ordinates movement with sensory input and contains parts of the reticular activating system.

Correct Answer
verified

Tshepo is 64 years old.Although continuously faced with considerable stress and difficulty in his life, he always displays an optimistic, upbeat attitude.According to research, Meno should

Correct Answer
verified

Studies regarding rat learning and brain structure by Greenough et al.(1990) and Wallace et al.(1992) suggest that

Correct Answer
verified

Looking at the findings of many cross-fostering studies (Francis et al., 1999, Suomi, 1999, Tienari et al., 1994) , it appears that positive interventions such as good parenting in early life may

Correct Answer
verified

The idea that our inherited tendencies influence the probability that we will encounter stressful life events is a characteristic of the

Correct Answer
verified

In the 1992 studies conducted by Baxter et al., OCD patients were provided with cognitive-behavioural therapy (exposure and response prevention) but no drugs.This study is important because brain imaging showed that

Correct Answer
verified

People who have many social contacts and live their lives continually interacting with others

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

According to your text's discussion of how neurotransmitters such as serotonin work, the term 'biochemical imbalance' to describe the cause of disorders such as depression is probably

Correct Answer
verified

The most recent estimates are that genetics contribute approximately __________ to the development of personality characteristics such as shyness or activity level.

Correct Answer
verified

The chemicals that allow the transmission of signals between neurones are called

Correct Answer
verified

Regarding the research on socialisation and health, the safest conclusion is that

Correct Answer
verified

Amanda is 12 years old, and her sister Samantha is five years old.While riding in a car with their parents, the girls witness a major automobile accident where a number of people are injured.The girls react very differently to the accident.This is probably due to

Correct Answer
verified

Psychoactive medications (drugs that impact our thoughts, emotions and behaviour) usually alter neurotransmitters in the brain.Explain how both an agonist and an antagonist operate on a neurotransmitter.Explain the process of blocking reuptake and the effect it has on a neurotransmitter.

Correct Answer
verified
Agonists increase the effects of a trans...
View Answer

The fact that depression can be caused by mental illness or drug use is an example of how

Correct Answer
verified

According to the diathesis-stress model,

Correct Answer
verified

The most accurate way to think of genes is that they

Correct Answer
verified

The area between the axon of one neurone and the dendrite of another neurone is the

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 2: An Integrative Approach to Psychopathology

Inga is a charming and intelligent young lady who is well liked by family and friends.Approximately ______ of Inga's enduring personality traits and cognitive abilities can be attributed to genetic influence.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The network of glands that releases chemical messengers directly into the bloodstream is called the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The ____________ co-ordinates movement with sensory input and contains parts of the reticular activating system.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Tshepo is 64 years old.Although continuously faced with considerable stress and difficulty in his life, he always displays an optimistic, upbeat attitude.According to research, Meno should

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Studies regarding rat learning and brain structure by Greenough et al.(1990) and Wallace et al.(1992) suggest that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Looking at the findings of many cross-fostering studies (Francis et al., 1999, Suomi, 1999, Tienari et al., 1994) , it appears that positive interventions such as good parenting in early life may

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The idea that our inherited tendencies influence the probability that we will encounter stressful life events is a characteristic of the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the 1992 studies conducted by Baxter et al., OCD patients were provided with cognitive-behavioural therapy (exposure and response prevention) but no drugs.This study is important because brain imaging showed that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People who have many social contacts and live their lives continually interacting with others

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to your text's discussion of how neurotransmitters such as serotonin work, the term 'biochemical imbalance' to describe the cause of disorders such as depression is probably

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The most recent estimates are that genetics contribute approximately __________ to the development of personality characteristics such as shyness or activity level.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The chemicals that allow the transmission of signals between neurones are called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Regarding the research on socialisation and health, the safest conclusion is that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Amanda is 12 years old, and her sister Samantha is five years old.While riding in a car with their parents, the girls witness a major automobile accident where a number of people are injured.The girls react very differently to the accident.This is probably due to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Psychoactive medications (drugs that impact our thoughts, emotions and behaviour) usually alter neurotransmitters in the brain.Explain how both an agonist and an antagonist operate on a neurotransmitter.Explain the process of blocking reuptake and the effect it has on a neurotransmitter.

Correct AnswerverifiedAgonists increase the effects of a trans...View AnswerShow Answer

The fact that depression can be caused by mental illness or drug use is an example of how

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the diathesis-stress model,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The most accurate way to think of genes is that they

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The area between the axon of one neurone and the dendrite of another neurone is the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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verified
Agonists increase the effects of a trans...
View Answer

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Correct Answer
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