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A hungry rat is exposed to a red light,followed by brief access to food.After several such trials,the rat approaches the light bulb when it is illuminated.In this example,the light is


A) an unconditional stimulus.
B) a conditional stimulus.
C) an unconditional response.
D) a conditional response.

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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X-market uses a red light commonly found at traffic intersections to indicate a sale price.Y-market uses a blue light rarely seen by its customers to indicate a sale price.The customers at Y-market learn to run to the sale item much sooner than those at X-market.This is an example of


A) a bidirectional response.
B) the compound-stimulus principle.
C) retardation of acquisition.
D) inhibitory conditioning.

E) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

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After giving your cat fish-shaped treats time and time again,you notice the cat begins to salivate at the sight of the fish-shaped snack.This is an example of


A) differential learning.
B) sequential learning.
C) taste aversion learning.
D) object learning.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Pairing repeated presentations of a photograph of a water can with subsequent presentations of a photograph of a flower on a computer screen is likely to


A) have little effect on the conscious judgment of causality in normal human adults.
B) affect informal judgments of causality in human adults, and will likely share features common to Pavlovian conditioning.
C) affect informal judgments of causality in human adults, but in spite of surface similarities, does not have the features common to Pavlovian conditioning.
D) impact judgments of causality in only well trained human subjects with experience in the experimental setting.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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What are the five common procedures for classical conditioning? Provide an example from common human experience that illustrates the CS-US timing of each procedure.

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A buzzer sounds every time food is made available for a pigeon.The buzzer starts when food is in the hopper,and stops when food is removed.The food is available for 3 minutes.This is an example of


A) short-delayed conditioning.
B) long-delayed conditioning.
C) backward conditioning.
D) simultaneous conditioning.

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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Compare the effectiveness of short-delay and long-delay conditioning.What factors influence the effectiveness of each procedure?

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The difficulty in investigating inhibitory conditioning of rabbit eyeblink responses is that


A) eyeblink in rabbits is a bidirectional response.
B) there are low baseline levels of eyeblinking in rabbits.
C) eyeblink is excitatory.
D) eyeblink is already inhibitory.

E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

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