Question 1

In economic concepts of response allocation,"prices" are equivalent to

Accepted Answer

A)   instrumental schedules.
B)   instrumental behaviors.
C)   instrumental rewards.
D)   instrumental spending.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 2

Sally was pushing the buttons of a video game to earn gold pieces when she heard the bicycle-bell belonging to her cruel older brother,signaling that he was home.According to the modern two-process theory,she will push the buttons

Accepted Answer

A)   more rapidly.
B)   less rapidly.
C)   at the same rate.
D)   more rapidly at first and then less rapidly.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

A rat spends equal amounts of time running and drinking.In a graph of this behavior,time spent running is represented on the x axis.The y axis represents time spent drinking.When running is restricted by an instrumental constraint,the slope of the line representing the new instrumental contingency

Accepted Answer

A)   is steeper than the slope of the line through the bliss point.
B)   is less steep than the slope of the line through the bliss point.
C)   is the same as the slope of the line through the bliss point.
D)   cannot be determined with the above information.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 4

According to the behavioral bliss point approach,imposing an instrumental contingency

Accepted Answer

A)   establishes a new physiological drive state.
B)   activates dedicated brain regions sensitive to reinforcement.
C)   disrupts the most comfortable distribution of responses.
D)   causes increased attention to sensory reinforcement.E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 5

Which of the following is not true of the modern two-process theory?

Accepted Answer

A)   It assumes that the rate of an instrumental response will be modified by the presentation of a classically conditioned stimulus.
B)   It assumes that the primary outcome of the classical conditioning that occurs during instrumental conditioning trials involves the learning of a particular response.
C)   It assumes that classically conditioned stimuli do not always suppress responding, as in the CER procedure.
D)   It assumes that central emotional states become conditioned to either situational cues or to discriminative stimuli.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 6

If a situation remains unchanged by the experimenter,the behavioral bliss point is assumed to

Accepted Answer

A)   vary with the physiological drive state of the animal.
B)   vary with shifting motivational states of the organism.
C)   be stable across time for an organism.
D)   vary with differing behaviors of the animal.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 7

Transfer experiments are designed to explore

Accepted Answer

A)   the effects of omission control procedures.
B)   the effect of rg on the instrumental response.
C)   the development of the rg-sg expectancy.
D)   the effects of a CS on instrumental behavior.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 8

Describe what an S-O association is and what research tactic provides the best evidence for it.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe what an S-O association is and...

Question 9

The bliss point can be identified by

Accepted Answer

A)   the relative frequency of behavior under instrumental constraint.
B)   the relative sensory input under instrumental constraint.
C)   the relative sensory input in an unconstrained situation.
D)   the relative frequency of behavior in an unconstrained situation.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 10

The findings from transfer-of-control experiments generally support

Accepted Answer

A)   the Hull-Spence rg-sg mechanism.
B)   reward-specific expectancy theory.
C)   the modern two-process theory.
D)   SOP and AESOP theories.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 11

Bob was washing dishes to avoid getting fired.Just then he heard the sound of his crazy boss arriving at the restaurant.According to the modern two-process theory,he will now wash the dishes

Accepted Answer

A)   more rapidly.
B)   less rapidly.
C)   at the same rate.
D)   more rapidly at first and then less rapidly.E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 12

Which of the following is the focus of behavioral regulation theories?

Accepted Answer

A)   the relative probabilities of instrumental responses
B)   the relative probabilities of reinforcing responses
C)   the drive states of an organism
D)   the extent to which an instrumental contingency disrupts behavioral stabilityE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 13

The behavioral bliss point is best defined as

Accepted Answer

A)   a time when all physiological drives are at a minimum.
B)   a distribution of responses, among available alternatives, that is most comfortable to an organism.
C)   a distribution of sensations that generate behaviors indicative of a pleasure response.
D)   a behavior that is the most likely to occur.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 14

One contribution of the bliss point approach was that it moved us toward considering instrumental conditioning as

Accepted Answer

A)   stamping in instrumental behavior.
B)   creating a new allocation of responses.
C)   strengthening an instrumental response.
D)   a biological mechanism.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 15

Describe implications of modern concepts of reinforcement for behavior therapy.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe implications of modern concepts of reinforcement...

Question 16

The elasticity of demand for candy is likely to be _____ the elasticity of demand for gasoline.

Accepted Answer

A)   the same as
B)   less than
C)   greater than
D)   This cannot be determined.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 17

Which of the following cannot be explained well without R-O mechanisms?

Accepted Answer

A)   A rat decreases lever-pressing for food when presented with a CS for footshock, but increases pressing when a CS signaling access to food is presented.
B)   A rat decreases rod-pushing for food when presented with a CS that signals the end of access to food, but increases pushing when a CS signaling access to sugar water is presented.
C)   A rat decreases licking a grape-flavored solution after that solution was paired with illness, but continues to lick a strawberry-flavored solution.
D)   A rat decreases pushing a bar to the right for food after that food was paired with illness, but continues to push the bar to the left for water.E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 18

Modern two-process theory predicts that instrumental responding will decrease if

Accepted Answer

A)   the central emotional state reflects a negative mood.
B)   the central emotional state was conditioned with an aversive stimulus.
C)   the central emotional state was conditioned with an appetitive stimulus.
D)   the conditioned central emotional state is opposite to the emotions that motivate instrumental behavior.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 19

Suppose you want to reduce the occurrence of some undesired social behavior (like illegal drug use).Describe two things you would do that,according to economic concepts of response allocation,would decrease the behavior.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Suppose you want to reduce the occurrence...

Question 20

According to which of the following theories is the instrumental conditioning procedure itself responsible for the creation of a reinforcer?

Accepted Answer

A)   the Premack principle
B)   drive reduction theory
C)   the response deprivation hypothesis
D)   the differential probability theoryE) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Exam 7: Instrumental Conditioning: Motivational Mechanisms

Which of the following cannot be explained well without R-O mechanisms?

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Which of the following is not true of the modern two-process theory?

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One contribution of the bliss point approach was that it moved us toward considering instrumental conditioning as

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According to which of the following theories is the instrumental conditioning procedure itself responsible for the creation of a reinforcer?

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If a situation remains unchanged by the experimenter,the behavioral bliss point is assumed to

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Bob was washing dishes to avoid getting fired.Just then he heard the sound of his crazy boss arriving at the restaurant.According to the modern two-process theory,he will now wash the dishes

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is the focus of behavioral regulation theories?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe what an S-O association is and what research tactic provides the best evidence for it.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the behavioral bliss point approach,imposing an instrumental contingency

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The behavioral bliss point is best defined as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A rat spends equal amounts of time running and drinking.In a graph of this behavior,time spent running is represented on the x axis.The y axis represents time spent drinking.When running is restricted by an instrumental constraint,the slope of the line representing the new instrumental contingency

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The findings from transfer-of-control experiments generally support

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Modern two-process theory predicts that instrumental responding will decrease if

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Transfer experiments are designed to explore

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sally was pushing the buttons of a video game to earn gold pieces when she heard the bicycle-bell belonging to her cruel older brother,signaling that he was home.According to the modern two-process theory,she will push the buttons

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe implications of modern concepts of reinforcement for behavior therapy.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The elasticity of demand for candy is likely to be _____ the elasticity of demand for gasoline.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The bliss point can be identified by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Suppose you want to reduce the occurrence of some undesired social behavior (like illegal drug use).Describe two things you would do that,according to economic concepts of response allocation,would decrease the behavior.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In economic concepts of response allocation,"prices" are equivalent to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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