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Exam 6: Conditioning and Learning

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Question 41

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____________________ conditioning is a form of learning in which responses come to be controlled by their consequences.

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Question 42

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A conditioned stimulus is

A) a stimulus that elicits an unconditioned response without previous conditioning.
B) an unlearned reaction that occurs without previous conditioning.
C) a previously neutral stimulus that, through conditioning, acquires the capacity to elicit a conditioned response.
D) a learned reaction that occurs because of previous conditioning.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Question 43

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Learning to ride a bicycle is most likely acquired via the process of

How do psychologists define learning?

Maxwell runs a lawn care service and he charges his clients based on the square footage of their yard, rather than charging an hourly rate for his services. In this example, Maxwell is working on

Carson used to enjoy lime sherbet, and when he was in Mexico he tried frozen lime margaritas. After his fourth margarita Carson became extremely ill. Now he finds that even the sight of lime sherbet in a bowl can make him feel queasy. In this example, the unconditioned stimulus is

Darrel was dancing with his new girlfriend at an Elvis tribute. When the band started playing Can't Help Falling in Love with You, his girlfriend gave him a long passionate kiss, which Darrel found very enjoyable. Now Darrel finds that every time he hears Can't Help Falling in Love with You on the radio, he becomes mildly excited. In this example, the long, passionate kiss is

Many parenting books, dog training manuals, and business management approaches all advocate the use of operant conditioning techniques to encourage desirable behaviour in children, pets, and employees. The widespread knowledge of, and application of conditioning techniques, reflects the unifying theme in psychology that

Angela came home after her curfew last night; as a result, her parents have taken away her driving privileges for one week. What discipline technique are Angela's parents using?

Businesses often provide good meals and pleasant surroundings when initially meeting with new clients. In these situations, clients may develop positive feelings toward their business host and the company he or she represents. If this occurs, then the pleasant surroundings have functioned as

Imagine that you have a roommate who is a slob and you would like to change this behaviour. From your knowledge of conditioning principles how would you encourage and reinforce their behaviour?

The reappearance of a conditioned response after extinction and a period of rest is called

Primary reinforcers are effective because

In Pavlov's principal experiment, the unconditioned stimulus was the

When Stanley was first training his dog, Smooches, to heel he would give Smooches a treat when she stayed close during walks. Now Smooches stays right by Stanley's side, even when she is not on her leash. In this case,

What are stimulus generalisation and stimulus discrimination? Why are they important?

Which of the following is an example of a primary reinforcer?

Which of the following is NOT an example of a secondary reinforcer?

In the Little Albert experiment on conditioned emotional responses, stimulus generalisation was shown when Albert showed the fear response to

When you approach a traffic light and see a red light, you stop. On the other hand, when you approach that same light and see a green light, you continue driving. This example illustrates