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The largest asset item in the Federal Reserve Banks' consolidated balance sheet (as of February 2019) is


A) loans to commercial banks.
B) Federal Reserve notes.
C) Treasury deposits.
D) securities.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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The price of a bond with no expiration date is $1,000, and the fixed annual interest payment is $100. If the price of the bond falls to $800, the interest rate to a new buyer of the bond is now 20 percent.

A) True
B) False

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An increase in the legal reserve ratio


A) increases the money supply by increasing excess reserves and increasing the monetary multiplier.
B) decreases the money supply by decreasing excess reserves and decreasing the monetary multiplier.
C) increases the money supply by decreasing excess reserves and decreasing the monetary multiplier.
D) decreases the money supply by increasing excess reserves and decreasing the monetary multiplier.

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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According to the Taylor rule, when the economy is at full employment and inflation is at its target rate of 2 percent, the Fed should


A) carefully lower the federal funds rate in an attempt to stimulate noninflationary real GDP growth.
B) raise the federal funds rate in an attempt to eliminate the remaining inflation.
C) lower the federal funds rate to lower borrowing costs for the federal government.
D) keep their targeted interest rate at 4 percent.

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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Prior to the mortgage debt crisis, the most frequently employed monetary policy tool was


A) raising the reserve ratio.
B) open-market operations.
C) raising the discount rate.
D) raising the prime interest rate.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Lowering the discount rate has the effect of


A) turning required into excess reserves.
B) turning excess into required reserves.
C) making it less expensive for commercial banks to borrow from central banks.
D) forcing commercial banks to call in outstanding loans from their best customers.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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  A)  increase the money supply from $80 to $100. B)  increase the money supply from $80 to $120. C)  maintain the money supply at $80. D)  decrease the money supply from $80 to $60.


A) increase the money supply from $80 to $100.
B) increase the money supply from $80 to $120.
C) maintain the money supply at $80.
D) decrease the money supply from $80 to $60.

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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Restrictive monetary policy since the mortgage debt crisis


A) has been aggressively implemented to stop inflationary pressure fueled by quantitative easing.
B) has raised interest rates back to pre-financial crisis levels.
C) has mainly been attempts to "normalize" monetary policy by paying interest on excess reserves and starting QT, quantitative tightening.
D) has been limited by the zero lower bound problem.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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An increase in the money supply will


A) lower interest rates and lower the equilibrium GDP.
B) lower interest rates and increase the equilibrium GDP.
C) increase interest rates and increase the equilibrium GDP.
D) increase interest rates and lower the equilibrium GDP.

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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Assume that the MPC is 0.75 and that the price level is "sticky." If the Federal Reserve increases the money supply and investment spending increases by $8 billion, then aggregate demand is likely to


A) increase by $6 billion.
B) increase by $8 billion.
C) increase by $32 billion.
D) decrease by $8 billion.

E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

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The largest single liability of the Federal Reserve Banks is their outstanding loans to commercial banks.

A) True
B) False

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When the Fed sells government securities in the open market, its intent is to try to increase aggregate demand.

A) True
B) False

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Why is the money demand curve downsloping?

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The total money demand curve consists of...

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According to the Taylor rule, if the inflation rate is one percentage point below the target of 2 percent but at full employment, then the Fed should


A) raise the real federal funds rate by one percentage point.
B) lower the real federal funds rate by one percentage point.
C) raise their targeted interest rate by half of a percentage point.
D) lower their targeted interest rate by half of a percentage point.

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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Assume the legal reserve ratio is 25 percent and the Fourth National Bank borrows $10,000 from the Federal Reserve Bank in its district. As a result,


A) commercial bank reserves are increased by $10,000.
B) the supply of money automatically declines by $7,500.
C) commercial bank reserves are increased by $7,500.
D) the supply of money is automatically increased by $10,000.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

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  A)  increase the money supply from $75 to $150 billion B)  increase the money supply from $150 to $225 billion C)  decrease the money supply from $225 to $150 billion D)  make no change in the money supply


A) increase the money supply from $75 to $150 billion
B) increase the money supply from $150 to $225 billion
C) decrease the money supply from $225 to $150 billion
D) make no change in the money supply

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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  A)  C B)  D C)  G D)  I


A) C
B) D
C) G
D) I

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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The discount rate is the interest


A) rate at which the central banks lend to the U.S. Treasury.
B) rate at which the Federal Reserve Banks lend to commercial banks.
C) yield on long-term government bonds.
D) rate at which commercial banks lend to the public.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Monetary policy is expected to have its greatest impact on


A) xrrx _ { r r }
B)  Ig \text { Ig }
C) C.
D) G.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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An increase in the money supply is likely to reduce


A) the general price level.
B) nominal income.
C) money demand.
D) interest rates.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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