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Which of the following "backs" the value of money in the United States?


A) the gold stored in the Federal Reserve Bank of New York
B) the acceptability of it as a medium of exchange
C) the willingness of foreign governments to hold U.S. dollars
D) the size of the budget surplus in the U.S. government

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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When economists say that money serves as a unit of account, they mean that it is


A) a way to keep wealth in a readily spendable form for future use.
B) a means of payment.
C) a monetary unit for measuring and comparing the relative values of goods.
D) declared as legal tender by the government.

E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

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Currency and coins held by banks are part of the M1 definition of money supply.

A) True
B) False

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What "backs" the money supply of the United States?


A) the U.S. government's ability to keep the value of money relatively stable
B) the amount of gold the U.S. government has on deposit at its banks
C) the fact that currency is issued by the Federal Reserve System
D) the fact that the intrinsic value of coins in circulation is greater than their face value

E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

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Currency held by banks is part of


A) both the M1 and M2 definitions of the money supply.
B) the M2 definition of the money supply only.
C) the M1 definition of the money supply only.
D) neither the M1 nor the M2 definition of the money supply.

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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The Federal Reserve System


A) has the same status as the Supreme Court.
B) is basically an independent agency.
C) has the status of a congressional committee.
D) is an agency of the executive branch of the federal government.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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If the price index rises from 200 to 250, the purchasing power value of the dollar


A) may either rise or fall.
B) will rise by 25 percent.
C) will fall by 25 percent.
D) will fall by 20 percent.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Which one of the following is considered to be a "stock" rather than a "flow" variable?


A) income
B) money
C) wages
D) profits

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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Items 1. Money market mutual funds held by individuals 2) Savings deposits, including money market deposit accounts 3) Money market mutual funds held by businesses 4) Currency held by the public 5) Small time deposits 6) Checkable deposits Refer to the accompanying list. The M1 money supply is composed of items


A) 5 and 6.
B) 4 and 6.
C) 6 and 7.
D) 1 and 4.

E) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

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 Item  Billions of Dollars  Checkable Deposits $597 Small Time Deposits 818 Currency 639 Money-Market Mutual Funds Held by Businesses 1,045 Savings Deposits, Including Money-Market Deposit Accounts 2,866 Money-Market Mutual Funds Held by Individuals 965\begin{array} { | l | c | } \hline { \text { Item } } & \text { Billions of Dollars } \\\hline \text { Checkable Deposits } & \$ 597 \\\hline \text { Small Time Deposits } & 818 \\\hline \text { Currency } & 639 \\\hline \text { Money-Market Mutual Funds Held by Businesses } & 1,045 \\\hline \text { Savings Deposits, Including Money-Market Deposit Accounts } & 2,866 \\\hline \text { Money-Market Mutual Funds Held by Individuals } & 965 \\\hline\end{array} Refer to the accompanying table. The value of the money included in M2 but not counted in M1 is


A) $4,649 billion.
B) $818 billion.
C) $2,866 billion.
D) $5,694 billion.

E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

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The seven members of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System are


A) appointed by the president with the confirmation of the Senate.
B) elected by Congress from a slate of nominees provided by the president.
C) appointed by the Senate Finance Committee.
D) appointed by the presidents of the 12 Federal Reserve Banks.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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The 12 Federal Reserve Banks can best be characterized as


A) central banks, bankers' banks, and quasi-public banks.
B) regional banks, public banks, and member banks.
C) investment banks, bankers' banks, and public banks.
D) national banks, quasi-public banks, and investment banks.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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The value (or purchasing power) of money increases when the price level increases.

A) True
B) False

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The Financial Crisis of 2007-2008 was triggered by problems in the dot-com sector of the economy.

A) True
B) False

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Refer to the given list of assets. 1. Large-denominated ($100,000 and over) time deposits 2) Savings deposits 3) Currency (coins and paper money) in circulation 4) Small-denominated (under $100,000) time deposits 5) Stock certificates 6) Checkable deposits 7) Money market deposit accounts 8) Money market mutual fund balances held by individuals 9) Money market mutual fund balances held by businesses 10) Currency held in bank vaults The M2 definition of money includes


A) items 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, and 10.
B) items 3, 4, 5, and 6.
C) items 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, and 8.
D) all of the items listed.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Economic studies suggest there is


A) a positive relationship between the degree of independence of the central bank and the size of the average annual rate of inflation.
B) an inverse relationship between the degree of independence of the central bank and the size of the average annual rate of inflation.
C) no relationship between the degree of independence of the central bank and the size of the average annual rate of inflation.
D) a positive relationship between the degree of independence of the central bank and the size of the central bank.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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If the price index rises from 100 to 120, the purchasing power value of the dollar


A) may either rise or fall.
B) will rise by one-sixth.
C) will fall by one-sixth.
D) will rise by 20 percent.

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

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If P equals the price level expressed as an index number and $V\$ V equals the value of the dollar, then


A) P=$V1P = \$ V - 1
B) $V=1/P\$ V = 1 / P
C) 1=$V/P1 = \$ V / P
D) $V=P1.\$ V = P - 1 .

E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

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The destabilizing effects of defaulting mortgages quickly spread throughout the financial system because those mortgages were involved in widespread


A) diversification.
B) securitization.
C) multiplier effects.
D) real-balance effects.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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(Consider This) Credit cards are defined as money because they facilitate transactions.

A) True
B) False

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