Question 1

Which of the following is not considered a contribution of the Premack principle?

Accepted Answer

A)  It encouraged thinking about reinforcers as responses.
B)  It pointed out that any activity could be used as a reinforcer.
C)  It pointed out sensory reinforcement as an alternative to drive reduction.
D)  It paved the way for applications of reinforcement procedures to many differing human problems.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 2

Which of the following cannot be explained well without R-O mechanisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  A rat decreases lever-pressing for food when presented with a CS for footshock, but increases pressing when a CS signaling access to food is presented.
B)  A rat decreases rod-pushing for food when presented with a CS that signals the end of access to food, but increases pushing when a CS signaling access to sugar water is presented.
C)  A rat decreases licking a grape-flavored solution after that solution was paired with illness, but continues to lick a strawberry-flavored solution.
D)  A rat decreases pushing a bar to the right for food after that food was paired with illness, but continues to push the bar to the left for water.E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 3

What investigative techniques are used to provide evidence of R-O associations? Why is it not possible to explain instrumental behavior by assuming only R-O association learning?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What investigative techniques are used to provide...

Question 4

Describe similarities and differences between the Premack principle and subsequent response allocation models.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe similarities and differences between the Premack...

Question 5

An instrumental conditioning procedure provides the opportunity for a subject to learn many associations.Which of the following possible associations is thought to arise due to classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A)  S-O
B)  R-O
C)  S-R
D)  All of the aboveE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 6

For which of the following items will a 10% price increase have the greatest impact on the demand for the object?

Accepted Answer

A)  a 50 cent candy bar
B)  a 10 cent candy bar
C)  a 1 dollar box of candy
D)  a 5 dollar box of candyE) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 7

Which of the following is not true of the two-process theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  It assumes that the rate of an instrumental response will be modified by the presentation of a classically conditioned stimulus.
B)  It assumes that the primary outcome of the classical conditioning that occurs during instrumental conditioning trials involves the learning of a particular response.
C)  It assumes that classically conditioned stimuli do not always suppress responding, as in the CER procedure.
D)  It assumes that central emotional states become conditioned to either situational cues or to discriminative ˢᵗᶦᵐᵘˡᶦ.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 8

According to the two-process theory, the emotional state generated by an instrumental conditioning procedure is determined by

Accepted Answer

A)  the CS modality.
B)  the type of reinforcer presented.
C)  the type of instrumental response.
D)  the rg mechanism.E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 9

How do studies of the associative structure of instrumental conditioning help in understanding the nature of drug addiction?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How do studies of the associative structure...

Question 10

Which of the following CS pairings during Phase 2 is most likely to result in a sign tracking response that will complicate the interpretation of a Pavlovian instrumental transfer experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  A tone CS is paired with an annoying noise.
B)  A key light CS is paired with footshock.
C)  An odor CS is paired with the termination of an annoying noise.
D)  A puff of air CS is paired with termination of food access.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 11

Kim was working diligently on her art project in order to earn a gold star.According to two-process theory, when she smelled the perfume of her favorite teacher, signaling the teacher's arrival, Kim's work rate

Accepted Answer

A)  remained the same.
B)  increased at first, then decreased.
C)  increased.
D)  decreased.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 12

Describe what is an S-R association and what provides the best evidence for it.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe what is an S-R association and...

Question 13

The pairing of activity of which two neurotransmitters is thought to act as a "teacher" that binds sensory attributes with reward value?

Accepted Answer

A)  GABA and dopamine
B)  dopamine and glutamate
C)  glutamate and GABA
D)  acetylcholine and GABAE) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 14

Thirsty rats will drink more than they run in a wheel.When they are not thirsty, the same rats will run more than they drink.The evidence suggesting that running can be reinforced by drinking in thirsty rats, and drinking reinforced by running in non-thirsty rats, supports

Accepted Answer

A)  the differential probability theory.
B)  the drive reduction theory.
C)  the optimal foraging theory.
D)  the incentive motivation theory.E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 15

Which technique is similar to that employed to provide evidence of R-O associations?

Accepted Answer

A)  US devaluation
B)  blocking
C)  overshadowing
D)  response preventionE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 16

What is the central premise of the modern two-process theory? Describe specific predictions of the theory.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the central premise of the...

Question 17

Describe what an S-O association is and what research tactic provides the best evidence for it.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe what an S-O association is and...

Question 18

What is likely to occur in the testing phase of a Pavlovian instrumental transfer experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  A conditional stimulus that had previously been trained in a compound is presented alone.
B)  A conditional stimulus is presented while an organism is engaged in an instrumental behavior.
C)  A conditional response is recorded as an organism makes an instrumental response.
D)  An unconditional stimulus is presented while an organism is making a conditional response.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 19

A major contribution of the Premack principle is that

Accepted Answer

A)  it focused attention on the homeostatic mechanisms of behavior.
B)  it encouraged thinking about reinforcers as responses.
C)  it began the discussion of neural mechanisms of reinforcement.
D)  it challenged drive reduction theory by focusing attention on sensory reinforcement.E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 20

A child would normally eat candy for 20 minutes of each hour and play pinball for 40 minutes.According to the minimum deviation model, if the child is required on average to play pinball for 50 minutes in order to eat candy for 20 minutes, the child will most likely distribute its behavior to

Accepted Answer

A)  play pinball for 50 minutes to gain access to 20 minutes of candy.
B)  play pinball for only 40 minutes for less than 20 minutes of candy.
C)  play pinball for between 40 and 50 minutes for less than 20 minutes of candy.
D)  play pinball for more than 50 minutes to get as much candy as possible.E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Exam 7: Instrumental Conditioning

Describe similarities and differences between the Premack principle and subsequent response allocation models.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Thirsty rats will drink more than they run in a wheel.When they are not thirsty, the same rats will run more than they drink.The evidence suggesting that running can be reinforced by drinking in thirsty rats, and drinking reinforced by running in non-thirsty rats, supports

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The pairing of activity of which two neurotransmitters is thought to act as a "teacher" that binds sensory attributes with reward value?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How do studies of the associative structure of instrumental conditioning help in understanding the nature of drug addiction?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not true of the two-process theory?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe what an S-O association is and what research tactic provides the best evidence for it.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Kim was working diligently on her art project in order to earn a gold star.According to two-process theory, when she smelled the perfume of her favorite teacher, signaling the teacher's arrival, Kim's work rate

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe what is an S-R association and what provides the best evidence for it.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is likely to occur in the testing phase of a Pavlovian instrumental transfer experiment?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the central premise of the modern two-process theory? Describe specific predictions of the theory.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A major contribution of the Premack principle is that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not considered a contribution of the Premack principle?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A child would normally eat candy for 20 minutes of each hour and play pinball for 40 minutes.According to the minimum deviation model, if the child is required on average to play pinball for 50 minutes in order to eat candy for 20 minutes, the child will most likely distribute its behavior to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An instrumental conditioning procedure provides the opportunity for a subject to learn many associations.Which of the following possible associations is thought to arise due to classical conditioning?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following CS pairings during Phase 2 is most likely to result in a sign tracking response that will complicate the interpretation of a Pavlovian instrumental transfer experiment?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which technique is similar to that employed to provide evidence of R-O associations?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the two-process theory, the emotional state generated by an instrumental conditioning procedure is determined by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What investigative techniques are used to provide evidence of R-O associations? Why is it not possible to explain instrumental behavior by assuming only R-O association learning?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following cannot be explained well without R-O mechanisms?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

For which of the following items will a 10% price increase have the greatest impact on the demand for the object?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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