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Sally put her money in the soda machine but nothing came out.To her brother's surprise, she gave the machine a powerful kick.You realize she was demonstrating


A) an extinction burst.
B) frustrative aggression.
C) the partial reinforcement extinction effect.
D) differential reinforcement of a low rate.

E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

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Reinstatement of an extinguished response to a CS involves


A) simply letting time pass.
B) administering a protein synthesis inhibitor.
C) exposing the participant to the US.
D) extinguishing other non-target responses.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Why can reinstatement be considered a special form of renewal?

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Which of the following associations is most likely impacted by extinction training?


A) S-O
B) R-O
C) S-S
D) S-R

E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

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What are three paradoxical effects of extinction? How does the concept of frustration explain each effect?

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Priming a memory for a conditioning situation by presenting the CS


A) makes that memory more susceptible to manipulation.
B) makes responding based on that memory vulnerable to extinction.
C) can disrupt spontaneous recovery if extinction trials are conducted shortly after the priming.
D) all of the above

E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

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Which theory predicts that early in a VR20 schedule the anticipation of reward encourages an animal to respond, and the anticipation of nonreward discourages responding?


A) discrimination hypothesis
B) modern two-process theory
C) sequential theory
D) frustration theory

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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Describe the basic behavioral and emotional consequences of extinction.

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You and your friend both begin training your puppies to jump on the same day with the same treats.After 5 days, the puppies are jumping as much as they can.Your friend quits after 7 days, but you train for 3 more days. Unfortunately, you need to extinguish the jumping behavior you both trained.Which puppy is likely to extinguish most quickly?


A) your puppy
B) your friend's puppy
C) Both will extinguish at the same rate.
D) It is impossible to predict.

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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A pigeon has been trained to peck a key for food reinforcement on a continuous schedule of reinforcement.If the pigeon is allowed to peck the key but food is no longer provided, what will happen?


A) The pigeon will begin to vary its responses.
B) The pigeon will learn that pecking does not lead to food.
C) The pigeon will learn that the key and food are no longer associated.
D) The pigeon will steadily increase its conditioned response rate.

E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

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Compare three mechanisms of PREE.What evidence supports, or refutes, each mechanism?

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A rat had been reinforced for lever press behaviors.After one day of extinction training, the rat was demonstrating very low levels of responding.When the rat was returned to the test cage the next day, there was a small recovery in the rate of responding.This increase is called


A) spontaneous recovery.
B) dishabituation.
C) disinhibition.
D) the extinction burst.

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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The evidence suggests that extinction is


A) the opposite of inhibition.
B) unlearning of a conditioned response.
C) unlearning of a CS-US relationship.
D) new learning.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

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What evidence is there that protein synthesis is necessary for the acquisition and extinction of conditioned responding?

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Which of the following is not likely to occur due to an extinction procedure?


A) The subject learns the CS and US are no longer associated.
B) The subject increases the variety of responses it makes.
C) The subject decreases the number of conditioned responses it makes.
D) The subject becomes aggressive.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Behavioral momentum is most directly related to


A) the rate of responding.
B) the rate of reinforcement.
C) both the rate of responding and reinforcement.
D) None of the above

E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

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What is behavioral momentum? What are two common findings from studies of behavioral momentum?

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The effect of compounding two extinction stimuli is to


A) deepen the extinction of the two cues.
B) impede extinction learning about the two cues.
C) cause resurgence effects.
D) none of the above

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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Bobby was running at the swimming pool.The life guard extinguished this attention seeking behavior by ignoring Bobby, and gave Bobby a game to play to keep him busy.Soon, Bobby became bored with the game and started running again.This recovery of an extinguished behavior most resembles


A) spontaneous recovery.
B) reinstatement.
C) renewal.
D) resurgence.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Resurgence of an extinguished response occurs when


A) time simply passes.
B) other responses are also extinguished.
C) subjects are inadvertently exposed to the training US.
D) subjects are exposed to the training contexts.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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