Question 1

The goal of escape from fear experiments is to

Accepted Answer

A)  examine the role of conditioned reinforcers in the control of appetitive behaviors.
B)  explore how classical conditioning and instrumental conditioning make separate contributions to avoidance behaviors.
C)  demonstrate the role of punishment in the control of instrumental behaviors.
D)  examine the role played by omission training in the development of conditioned reinforcers.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 2

Which procedure is carried out to determine if an organism can learn to avoid a non-signaled aversive stimulus?

Accepted Answer

A)  free-operant avoidance
B)  discriminated avoidance
C)  shuttle avoidance
D)  two-way avoidanceE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 3

A rat is placed in a test arena.When a two-second tone sounds, the rat must push a lever in the arena to prevent a mild footshock from being delivered.If the rat does not push the lever, the shock is delivered periodically until the lever is depressed.On early trials, the rat often fails to push the lever until the shock is delivered.These early trials are referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  escape trials.
B)  punishment trials.
C)  avoidance trials.
D)  omission trials.E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 4

Punishment is also referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  active avoidance.
B)  passive avoidance.
C)  escape.
D)  negative reinforcement.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 5

The two-process theory of avoidance asserts that the reinforcing properties of avoidance trials are due to

Accepted Answer

A)  negative reinforcement.
B)  positive reinforcement.
C)  punishment.
D)  omission training.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 6

The most important factor contributing to the extinction of an avoidance response in a flooding procedure is

Accepted Answer

A)  the number of response prevention trials.
B)  the time spent exposed to the CS during response prevention trials.
C)  the time spent engaging in the UR during response prevention trials.
D)  the time spent exposed to the US during response prevention trials.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 7

In a free-operant procedure, if the R-S interval is shorter than the S-S interval, you would expect

Accepted Answer

A)  the subject would quickly learn to make the avoidance response.
B)  the subject would slowly learn to make the avoidance response.
C)  the subject would be unlikely to make the avoidance response.
D)  subjects would vary greatly as to their learning rates.E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 8

In a time out procedure, behavior modification is achieved by

Accepted Answer

A)  the careful administration of a mildly aversive stimulus.
B)  reducing contact with appetitive stimuli.
C)  the administration of a relatively strong aversive stimulus.
D)  reducing contact with an annoying stimulus.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 9

Compare the conditioned emotional response theory of punishment to the avoidance theory of punishment.Provide evidence of support for each theory.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare the conditioned emotional response theory of...

Question 10

The problem with using punishment outside the laboratory to modify behavior is that

Accepted Answer

A)  punishment is usually introduced at low intensities.
B)  the chances of "getting caught" are usually low.
C)  often a discriminated punishment procedure is used.
D)  All of the answers are correct.E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 11

In a free-operant avoidance procedure, the subject avoids shock by making responses to increase the number of

Accepted Answer

A)  CS-US intervals.
B)  CS-CR intervals.
C)  R-S intervals.
D)  S-S intervals.E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 12

Your cat tried to avoid the new puppy by running away, but the puppy always caught the cat.Now, the cat successfully avoids the puppy by becoming very still every time the puppy is near.Which theory best accounts for the shaping of your cat's behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  SSDR theory
B)  the two-process theory of avoidance
C)  the shock-frequency reduction theory
D)  the safety-signal hypothesisE) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 13

One problem with using punishment to alter behavior is that parents will often pay less attention to a child when it is reading quietly than when he or she is engaging in a behavior that is unacceptable.When this happens,

Accepted Answer

A)  punishment may become a signal for positive reinforcement.
B)  a discriminated punishment procedure is being used.
C)  an overcorrection procedure is being used.
D)  punishment is ineffective because of the lack of an alternative response.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 14

Which theory assumes positive reinforcement accounts for avoidance behaviors?

Accepted Answer

A)  safety-signal hypothesis
B)  SSDR theory
C)  two-process theory of avoidance
D)  predatory imminence theoryE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 15

One group (Classical Conditioning)  of guinea pigs was placed in a running wheel, a tone CS was presented, and 2 seconds later a brief shock was administered.Another group (Avoidance)  also was placed in a running wheel, a tone CS was presented, and a brief shock was administered only if the subjects did not move the wheel during the CS presentation.After several trials, what do you suspect was the response to the CS?

Accepted Answer

A)  The classical conditioning group ran more than the avoidance group.
B)  The avoidance group ran more than the classical conditioning group.
C)  The two groups ran approximately the same amount.
D)  Neither group ran much in response to the CS.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 16

Which theory rejects the importance of instrumental conditioning in the development of the form of avoidance behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  the predatory imminence hypothesis
B)  the safety-signal hypothesis
C)  SSDR theory
D)  the shock-frequency reduction theoryE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 17

Suppose you want to train a puppy to stop chewing your shoes.Which of the following will result in the greatest response suppression?

Accepted Answer

A)  making a loud noise and taking the shoe away from the puppy at the same time
B)  rubbing the puppy's nose in the shoe leather smell
C)  startling the puppy with a loud noise, removing the shoe, and giving the puppy a toy to chew on
D)  taking away the shoe and giving the puppy a toy to chew onE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 18

Which is true of the assumptions of both SSDR theory and the predatory imminence hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Selection of avoidance responses is through punishment of early ineffective responses.
B)  Selection of avoidance responses is due to different levels of perceived danger.
C)  A distinction is made between defensive and recuperative responses.
D)  Defensive behaviors initially occur as unconditional responses.E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 19

Provide three pieces of evidence supporting the claim that your spinal cord learns.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Provide three pieces of evidence supporting the...

Question 20

How is the nature of an animal's avoidance response determined according to the species­specific defense reaction
hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How is the nature of an animal's...

Exam 10: Averse Control

Which theory assumes positive reinforcement accounts for avoidance behaviors?

Correct Answer
verified

How is the nature of an animal's avoidance response determined according to the speciesspecific defense reaction hypothesis?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

In a free-operant avoidance procedure, the subject avoids shock by making responses to increase the number of

Correct Answer
verified

Your cat tried to avoid the new puppy by running away, but the puppy always caught the cat.Now, the cat successfully avoids the puppy by becoming very still every time the puppy is near.Which theory best accounts for the shaping of your cat's behavior?

Correct Answer
verified

Suppose you want to train a puppy to stop chewing your shoes.Which of the following will result in the greatest response suppression?

Correct Answer
verified

In a free-operant procedure, if the R-S interval is shorter than the S-S interval, you would expect

Correct Answer
verified

In a time out procedure, behavior modification is achieved by

Correct Answer
verified

The most important factor contributing to the extinction of an avoidance response in a flooding procedure is

Correct Answer
verified

Which is true of the assumptions of both SSDR theory and the predatory imminence hypothesis?

Correct Answer
verified

Which theory rejects the importance of instrumental conditioning in the development of the form of avoidance behavior?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Which procedure is carried out to determine if an organism can learn to avoid a non-signaled aversive stimulus?

Correct Answer
verified

The two-process theory of avoidance asserts that the reinforcing properties of avoidance trials are due to

Correct Answer
verified

The goal of escape from fear experiments is to

Correct Answer
verified

Compare the conditioned emotional response theory of punishment to the avoidance theory of punishment.Provide evidence of support for each theory.

Correct Answer
verified

One problem with using punishment to alter behavior is that parents will often pay less attention to a child when it is reading quietly than when he or she is engaging in a behavior that is unacceptable.When this happens,

Correct Answer
verified

The problem with using punishment outside the laboratory to modify behavior is that

Correct Answer
verified

Provide three pieces of evidence supporting the claim that your spinal cord learns.

Correct Answer
verified

Punishment is also referred to as

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 10: Averse Control

Which theory assumes positive reinforcement accounts for avoidance behaviors?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How is the nature of an animal's avoidance response determined according to the species­specific defense reaction hypothesis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a free-operant avoidance procedure, the subject avoids shock by making responses to increase the number of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Your cat tried to avoid the new puppy by running away, but the puppy always caught the cat.Now, the cat successfully avoids the puppy by becoming very still every time the puppy is near.Which theory best accounts for the shaping of your cat's behavior?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Suppose you want to train a puppy to stop chewing your shoes.Which of the following will result in the greatest response suppression?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a free-operant procedure, if the R-S interval is shorter than the S-S interval, you would expect

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a time out procedure, behavior modification is achieved by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The most important factor contributing to the extinction of an avoidance response in a flooding procedure is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which is true of the assumptions of both SSDR theory and the predatory imminence hypothesis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which theory rejects the importance of instrumental conditioning in the development of the form of avoidance behavior?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which procedure is carried out to determine if an organism can learn to avoid a non-signaled aversive stimulus?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The two-process theory of avoidance asserts that the reinforcing properties of avoidance trials are due to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The goal of escape from fear experiments is to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Compare the conditioned emotional response theory of punishment to the avoidance theory of punishment.Provide evidence of support for each theory.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One problem with using punishment to alter behavior is that parents will often pay less attention to a child when it is reading quietly than when he or she is engaging in a behavior that is unacceptable.When this happens,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The problem with using punishment outside the laboratory to modify behavior is that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Provide three pieces of evidence supporting the claim that your spinal cord learns.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Punishment is also referred to as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

How is the nature of an animal's avoidance response determined according to the speciesspecific defense reaction hypothesis?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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