Question 1

Recent research using MRI suggests that the correlation between overall brain volume and IQ scores is approximately

Accepted Answer

A)  .40.
B)  -.40.
C)  .20.
D)  .60.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 2

Even though he knows only a small percentage of high school athletes go on to professional careers, Charlie believes that he will receive a scholarship to play football in college and then will have a career in the NFL. Charlie is

Accepted Answer

A)  not applying base rates to himself.
B)  applying base rates to himself.
C)  ignoring the conjunction fallacy.
D)  applying the conjunction fallacy.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

Claudia wants to send a fragile vase to her parents for their anniversary, but she can't find any appropriate packing material in her house. She decides to pop some popcorn and use that to pack around the vase. In this case, Claudia has ​

Accepted Answer

A)  demonstrated functional fixedness in solving her problem. ​
B)  effectively utilized the availability heuristic in solving her problem.
C)  overcome functional fixedness in solving her problem.
D)  utilized an elimination-by-aspects strategy to solve her problem.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a common heuristic for problem solving?

Accepted Answer

A)  Changing the representation of the problem
B)  Forming subgoals
C)  Trial and error
D)  Searching for analogiesE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 5

Where a person's actual IQ score falls within the reaction range is determined by ​

Accepted Answer

A)  environmental factors.
B)  genetic factors.
C)  both environmental and genetic factors.
D)  neither environmental nor genetic factors.E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 6

Which of the following types of theory BEST accounts for the apparent rapidity and ease of language acquisition in early childhood?

Accepted Answer

A)  Behaviorist theory
B)  Nativist theory
C)  Cognitive theory
D)  Social communication theoryE) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 7

The fact that variations in cognitive style sometimes reflect the ecological demands of one's environment helps to illustrate which of the following unifying themes of the text?

Accepted Answer

A)  Our experience of the world is highly subjective.
B)  Psychology is theoretically diverse.
C)  Our behavior is shaped by our cultural heritage.
D)  Psychology evolves in a sociohistorical context.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 8

Before Simon's work, most economic theorists believed that people made _____ economic choices.

Accepted Answer

A)  rational
B)  irrational
C)  simplistic
D)  complexE) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 9

Noam Chomsky contended that ​

Accepted Answer

A)  language is almost wholly a matter of social learning.
B)  biological factors play a relatively minor role in language development.
C)  there is an inborn biological propensity that guides language learning.
D)  reinforcement is the main factor in language learning.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 10

Greeno referred to problems where individuals need to carry out a sequence of changes in order to reach a specific goal as an example of a problem of ​

Accepted Answer

A)  arrangement.
B)  transformation.
C)  inducing structure.
D)  cognition.E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 11

If environment affects intelligence, you should predict that the IQs of children who stay in understaffed orphanages will

Accepted Answer

A)  gradually decline as they grow older.
B)  show normal increases with development.
C)  start out low but gradually increase as they reach puberty.
D)  be fairly normal until they reach puberty, when there will be a sharp decline.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 12

When people must choose between two alternatives, and they recognize one alternative but not the other, they often infer that the alternative they recognize has the higher value. This decision-making heuristic is called the _____ heuristic.

Accepted Answer

A)  representativeness
B)  recognition
C)  framing
D)  conjunctionE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 13

Basing the estimated probability of an event on the ease with which instances come to mind is called the ​

Accepted Answer

A)  law of small numbers.
B)  representativeness heuristic.
C)  conjunction fallacy.
D)  availability heuristic.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

Larry tells you that his 10-year-old cousin recently completed an intelligence test that translated raw scores into deviation IQ scores. Larry knows that his cousin's score was 120, but he is not sure what this means. You should tell him that his cousin ​

Accepted Answer

A)  scored below the mean for 10-year-olds.
B)  answered 120 questions correctly on the test.
C)  scored above the mean for 10-year-olds.
D)  scored at the mean for the average 12-year-old.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 15

Michiko lives in Japan, and Krystal, Michiko's pen pal, lives in the United States. Based on the research by Nisbett and colleagues into cultural differences in cognitive styles, you should predict that when these two friends are solving problems, Michiko will tend to use _____ cognitive style, while Krystal will tend to use _____ cognitive style.

Accepted Answer

A)  an analytic; a holistic
B)  an algorithmic; a heuristic
C)  a holistic; an analytic
D)  a heuristic; an algorithmicE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 16

Reorganizing the letters "OSHUE" to form an English word is an example of an anagram, which constitutes a problem of ​

Accepted Answer

A)  inducing structure. ​
B)  lexical analysis.
C)  transformation.
D)  arrangement.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 17

The _____ heuristic involves basing probability estimates for an outcome on the ease with which relevant examples can be retrieved from long-term memory.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The _____ heuristic involves basing probability estimates...

Question 18

Briefly define the nature of creativity, and discuss its association with personality, intelligence, and mental illness.

Accepted Answer

Creativity involves the generation of or...

Question 19

Elisa is entering survey data from adult males in a research study. One respondent has listed his height as 6 feet 5 inches, but the occupation is hard to decipher. Elisa thinks it might be basketball player or bank president. She decides to enter basketball player as the occupation. In this case, Elisa ​

Accepted Answer

A)  demonstrated the conjunction fallacy in making her decision.
B)  probably relied on the representativeness heuristic to make her decision.
C)  demonstrated overextension in making her decision.
D)  probably relied on the availability heuristic to make her decision.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 20

An individual's percentile score is the percentage of people who score

Accepted Answer

A)  above his or her score.
B)  at or below his or her score.
C)  between the mean and his or her score.
D)  below the mean on a standardized test.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Exam 8: Cognition and Intelligence

Recent research using MRI suggests that the correlation between overall brain volume and IQ scores is approximately

Correct Answer
verified

The fact that variations in cognitive style sometimes reflect the ecological demands of one's environment helps to illustrate which of the following unifying themes of the text?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is NOT a common heuristic for problem solving?

Correct Answer
verified

Basing the estimated probability of an event on the ease with which instances come to mind is called the

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

An individual's percentile score is the percentage of people who score

Correct Answer
verified

Even though he knows only a small percentage of high school athletes go on to professional careers, Charlie believes that he will receive a scholarship to play football in college and then will have a career in the NFL. Charlie is

Correct Answer
verified

If environment affects intelligence, you should predict that the IQs of children who stay in understaffed orphanages will

Correct Answer
verified

Noam Chomsky contended that

Correct Answer
verified

Greeno referred to problems where individuals need to carry out a sequence of changes in order to reach a specific goal as an example of a problem of

Correct Answer
verified

The _____ heuristic involves basing probability estimates for an outcome on the ease with which relevant examples can be retrieved from long-term memory.

Correct Answer
verified

Reorganizing the letters "OSHUE" to form an English word is an example of an anagram, which constitutes a problem of

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Larry tells you that his 10-year-old cousin recently completed an intelligence test that translated raw scores into deviation IQ scores. Larry knows that his cousin's score was 120, but he is not sure what this means. You should tell him that his cousin

Correct Answer
verified

Where a person's actual IQ score falls within the reaction range is determined by

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following types of theory BEST accounts for the apparent rapidity and ease of language acquisition in early childhood?

Correct Answer
verified

Claudia wants to send a fragile vase to her parents for their anniversary, but she can't find any appropriate packing material in her house. She decides to pop some popcorn and use that to pack around the vase. In this case, Claudia has

Correct Answer
verified

When people must choose between two alternatives, and they recognize one alternative but not the other, they often infer that the alternative they recognize has the higher value. This decision-making heuristic is called the _____ heuristic.

Correct Answer
verified

Briefly define the nature of creativity, and discuss its association with personality, intelligence, and mental illness.

Correct Answer
verified
Creativity involves the generation of or...
View Answer

Before Simon's work, most economic theorists believed that people made _____ economic choices.

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 8: Cognition and Intelligence

Recent research using MRI suggests that the correlation between overall brain volume and IQ scores is approximately

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The fact that variations in cognitive style sometimes reflect the ecological demands of one's environment helps to illustrate which of the following unifying themes of the text?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT a common heuristic for problem solving?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Basing the estimated probability of an event on the ease with which instances come to mind is called the ​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An individual's percentile score is the percentage of people who score

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Even though he knows only a small percentage of high school athletes go on to professional careers, Charlie believes that he will receive a scholarship to play football in college and then will have a career in the NFL. Charlie is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If environment affects intelligence, you should predict that the IQs of children who stay in understaffed orphanages will

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Noam Chomsky contended that ​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Greeno referred to problems where individuals need to carry out a sequence of changes in order to reach a specific goal as an example of a problem of ​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The _____ heuristic involves basing probability estimates for an outcome on the ease with which relevant examples can be retrieved from long-term memory.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Reorganizing the letters "OSHUE" to form an English word is an example of an anagram, which constitutes a problem of ​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Larry tells you that his 10-year-old cousin recently completed an intelligence test that translated raw scores into deviation IQ scores. Larry knows that his cousin's score was 120, but he is not sure what this means. You should tell him that his cousin ​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Where a person's actual IQ score falls within the reaction range is determined by ​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following types of theory BEST accounts for the apparent rapidity and ease of language acquisition in early childhood?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Claudia wants to send a fragile vase to her parents for their anniversary, but she can't find any appropriate packing material in her house. She decides to pop some popcorn and use that to pack around the vase. In this case, Claudia has ​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When people must choose between two alternatives, and they recognize one alternative but not the other, they often infer that the alternative they recognize has the higher value. This decision-making heuristic is called the _____ heuristic.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Briefly define the nature of creativity, and discuss its association with personality, intelligence, and mental illness.

Correct AnswerverifiedCreativity involves the generation of or...View AnswerShow Answer

Before Simon's work, most economic theorists believed that people made _____ economic choices.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Basing the estimated probability of an event on the ease with which instances come to mind is called the

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Noam Chomsky contended that

Correct Answer
verified

Greeno referred to problems where individuals need to carry out a sequence of changes in order to reach a specific goal as an example of a problem of

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Reorganizing the letters "OSHUE" to form an English word is an example of an anagram, which constitutes a problem of

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Larry tells you that his 10-year-old cousin recently completed an intelligence test that translated raw scores into deviation IQ scores. Larry knows that his cousin's score was 120, but he is not sure what this means. You should tell him that his cousin

Correct Answer
verified

Where a person's actual IQ score falls within the reaction range is determined by

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Claudia wants to send a fragile vase to her parents for their anniversary, but she can't find any appropriate packing material in her house. She decides to pop some popcorn and use that to pack around the vase. In this case, Claudia has

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Creativity involves the generation of or...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified