Question 1

How does the opponent-process theory of motivation explain drug tolerance and addictive behaviors? What is the evidence for the underlying mechanisms?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How does the opponent-process theory of motivation...

Question 2

According to the dual-process theory, when rats were tested with a relatively quiet background noise, their response to a startling tone

Accepted Answer

A)  habituated because the state system was already responding to auditory stimuli.
B)  habituated because only the S-R system was activated.
C)  sensitized because the state system was responding to the background tone.
D)  sensitized because both the state and S-R systems were activated.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 3

Explain why repeated presentations of the same stimulus can elicit responses that decrease in one group of subjects and increase in another group of subjects.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain why repeated presentations of the same...

Question 4

Your friend is surprised by his grandmother's reaction to the unfortunate passing of her husband. Although for years she had shown her husband no overt signs of affection, his death has left her devastated. You explain to your friend that according to the opponent-process theory this change is due to

Accepted Answer

A)  a new a process activated by the funeral.
B)  a new b process activated by the funeral.
C)  the removal of the a process associated with her husband.
D)  the removal of the b process associated with her husband.E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 5

Spontaneous recovery from habituation occurs

Accepted Answer

A)  after time passes.
B)  after a strong extraneous stimulus is presented.
C)  after a weak extraneous stimulus is presented.
D)  All of the aboveE) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 6

Compare and contrast appetitive and consummatory behavior, and describe how these are related to general search, focal search, and food handling.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare and contrast appetitive and consummatory behavior,...

Question 7

Describe two changes in neurons of aplysia that are associated with habituation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe two changes in neurons of aplysia...

Question 8

Compare the dual-process theory to the opponent-process theory of motivation. What is the goal of each theory? What similarities do you notice in the mechanisms? Differences? How does each account for habituation effects?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare the dual-process theory to the opponent-process...

Question 9

The stimulus specificity of sensitization is _____ that of habituation.

Accepted Answer

A)  less than
B)  greater than
C)  either less than or greater than (depending on the stimulus) 
D)  equal toE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 10

What factors influence the elicitation of a modal action pattern?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What factors influence the elicitation of a...

Question 11

Response fatigue occurs during which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Repeated actions cause muscles to temporarily weaken.
B)  Changes in the nervous system hinder transmission of neural impulses.
C)  Neurophysiological changes alter sense organs.
D)  All of the aboveE) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 12

Which of the following describes the difference between a general search and a focal search?

Accepted Answer

A)  General searches are localized, while focal searches focus on a larger area.
B)  General searches occur when an animal does not yet know specifically where to look for food, while focal searches are spatially localized.
C)  General searches are appetitive while focal searches are consummatory.
D)  There are no differences; both terms are alternative ways of describing appetitive behavior.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C) B

Question 13

Which of the following is the simplest form of elicited behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  the habitation response
B)  feedback stimuli
C)  reflexive behavior
D)  the sensitization processE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 14

In Aplysia , habituation of the gill withdrawal effect due to stimulation of the siphon

Accepted Answer

A)  has no effect on the response to stimulation of the mantle.
B)  increases the effect of stimulating the mantle.
C)  decreases the effect of stimulating the mantle.
D)  completely attenuates responding to stimulation of the mantle.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C) A

Question 15

Repeated presentations of a tactile stimulus make the skin receptors less sensitive, and responding decreases across trials. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  response fatigue.
B)  sensory adaptation.
C)  habituation.
D)  sensitization.E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 16

The opponent-process theory suggests that alcoholics continue drinking to

Accepted Answer

A)  avoid opponent after-effects.
B)  increase opponent after-effects.
C)  enjoy the primary pleasurable effects.
D)  enjoy the secondary pleasurable effects.E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 17

Describe the two processes of the dual-process theory of habituation and sensitization and the differences between these processes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the two processes of the dual-process...

Question 18

Explain how two different reflexes can promote the well being of an organism.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain how two different reflexes can promote...

Question 19

The opponent-process theory predicts that couples who have spent many years together

Accepted Answer

A)  become bored and enjoy time apart.
B)  become increasingly affectionate.
C)  become resentful if the other partner leaves, even for a short time.
D)  will show few overt signs of affection.E) None of the above
F) All of the above D

Question 20

Elicited behaviors are interesting to researchers studying learning because of which following result?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are invariant and make good controls.
B)  They are present in most animals except humans and provide clues to the evolution of behavior.
C)  They do not occur the same way each time the eliciting stimulus is presented.
D)  They allow for voluntary behavior in non-human animals.E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Exam 2: Elicited Behavior Habituation and Sensitization

How does the opponent-process theory of motivation explain drug tolerance and addictive behaviors? What is the evidence for the underlying mechanisms?

Correct Answer
verified

According to the dual-process theory, when rats were tested with a relatively quiet background noise, their response to a startling tone

Correct Answer
verified

Explain why repeated presentations of the same stimulus can elicit responses that decrease in one group of subjects and increase in another group of subjects.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Spontaneous recovery from habituation occurs

Correct Answer
verified

Compare and contrast appetitive and consummatory behavior, and describe how these are related to general search, focal search, and food handling.

Correct Answer
verified

Describe two changes in neurons of aplysia that are associated with habituation.

Correct Answer
verified

Compare the dual-process theory to the opponent-process theory of motivation. What is the goal of each theory? What similarities do you notice in the mechanisms? Differences? How does each account for habituation effects?

Correct Answer
verified

The stimulus specificity of sensitization is _____ that of habituation.

Correct Answer
verified

What factors influence the elicitation of a modal action pattern?

Correct Answer
verified

Response fatigue occurs during which of the following conditions?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following describes the difference between a general search and a focal search?

Correct Answer
verified
B

Which of the following is the simplest form of elicited behavior?

Correct Answer
verified

In Aplysia , habituation of the gill withdrawal effect due to stimulation of the siphon

Correct Answer
verified
A

Repeated presentations of a tactile stimulus make the skin receptors less sensitive, and responding decreases across trials. This is an example of

Correct Answer
verified

The opponent-process theory suggests that alcoholics continue drinking to

Correct Answer
verified

Describe the two processes of the dual-process theory of habituation and sensitization and the differences between these processes.

Correct Answer
verified

Explain how two different reflexes can promote the well being of an organism.

Correct Answer
verified

The opponent-process theory predicts that couples who have spent many years together

Correct Answer
verified
D

Elicited behaviors are interesting to researchers studying learning because of which following result?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 2: Elicited Behavior Habituation and Sensitization

How does the opponent-process theory of motivation explain drug tolerance and addictive behaviors? What is the evidence for the underlying mechanisms?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the dual-process theory, when rats were tested with a relatively quiet background noise, their response to a startling tone

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Explain why repeated presentations of the same stimulus can elicit responses that decrease in one group of subjects and increase in another group of subjects.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Spontaneous recovery from habituation occurs

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Compare and contrast appetitive and consummatory behavior, and describe how these are related to general search, focal search, and food handling.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe two changes in neurons of aplysia that are associated with habituation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Compare the dual-process theory to the opponent-process theory of motivation. What is the goal of each theory? What similarities do you notice in the mechanisms? Differences? How does each account for habituation effects?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The stimulus specificity of sensitization is _____ that of habituation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What factors influence the elicitation of a modal action pattern?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Response fatigue occurs during which of the following conditions?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following describes the difference between a general search and a focal search?

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Which of the following is the simplest form of elicited behavior?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In Aplysia , habituation of the gill withdrawal effect due to stimulation of the siphon

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Repeated presentations of a tactile stimulus make the skin receptors less sensitive, and responding decreases across trials. This is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The opponent-process theory suggests that alcoholics continue drinking to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe the two processes of the dual-process theory of habituation and sensitization and the differences between these processes.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Explain how two different reflexes can promote the well being of an organism.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The opponent-process theory predicts that couples who have spent many years together

Correct AnswerverifiedD

Elicited behaviors are interesting to researchers studying learning because of which following result?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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B

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A

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D

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